Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes-reactions with rare precedents in the literature-by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.

Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism.

The synthetic strategies towards thiosulfonates (RSO2SR1) are comprehensively reviewed from their original discovery to recent advances. Incorporation of the green credentials of the synthetic procedures towards thiosulfonates allows one to judge the merits of the state of the art, beyond the typical yield of a product and availability of the reactants. As reactant for organic transformations, thiosulfonates are particularly interesting given their possibility to react with nucleophiles, electrophiles and radicals. This review aims to give researchers, not familiar with the field, a good understanding of the general applications of thiosulfonates, while not skipping the recent important advances. The related, but less explored, selenosulfonates (RSO2SeR1) are also covered. (Figure presented.).

/pdf/thiosulfonates-as-emerging-reactants-synthesis-and-1gs32yyg4v.pdf

Thiosulfonates as Emerging Reactants : Synthesis and Applications

Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.

/pdf/multicomponent-reactions-and-photo-electrochemistry-join-hzx9ufru.pdf

Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency.

Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.

Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications.

The difunctionalization of carbon–carbon double bonds, introducing two novel functional groups onto both sides of the carbon–carbon bond in one pot, has become more and more attractive as a powerful tool in the synthetic community to improve the complexity of molecules. Among the available approaches, the difunctionalization of alkenes involving nitridization, such as diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, nitration and so on, has always been a research hotspot in organic synthesis owing to the broad existence of N-containing functional groups in bioactive compounds, natural products, organic ligands, and other high-nitrogen energetic compounds. In this review, we focus on recent research progress relating to the difunctionalization of alkenes involving the participation of a N source, and some related mechanisms are also provided here. Although significant achievements have been reported, there is still some space for further developments. This review will facilitate an understanding of the difunctionalization of alkenes involving the participation of N atoms and it can further stimulate the additional development of novel synthesis strategies based on these reported alkene difunctionalization approaches.

Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation

An electrochemical four-component reaction cascade Mumm rearrangement was developed. It is a rare example of in situ generation of O-acyl isoamides for 1,3-(O→N) acyl transfer. Inexpensive, commercially available arylethylenes, aryl or heterocyclic acids, acetonitrile, and alcohols were used as substrates. A wide range of aryl acids and alcohols were tolerated and provided imides in satisfactory yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of imides could be utilized to synthesize valuable amides and β-amino alcohol derivatives.

Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four-Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides.

Electrochemical Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reaction to Access Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates and Selenosulfonates

Electrochemical oxidative regioselective C-H cyanation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was developed using readily available TMSCN as the cyano source. The KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer was essential for this transformation. This protocol was compatible with a broad range of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and provided the C3 cyanated products in moderate to excellent yields.

Electrochemical Oxidative Regioselective C-H Cyanation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.

Regioselective electrochemical oxidative C–H thiocyanation or selenocyanation of imidazopyridines was achieved by using an undivided electrolytic cell. Transition-metal- and oxidant-free conditions are striking features of this protocol. A library of thiocyanated imidazopyridines with a broad range of functional groups were synthesized in high yields. This method was also applicable to the thiocyanation or selenocyanation of some electron-rich arenes.

Electrochemical Oxidative C–H Thiocyanation or Selenocyanation of Imidazopyridines and Arenes

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ting Cui

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four-Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides.

Electrochemical Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reaction to Access Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates and Selenosulfonates

Electrochemical Oxidative Regioselective C-H Cyanation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.

Electrochemical Oxidative C–H Thiocyanation or Selenocyanation of Imidazopyridines and Arenes