The invention of carbon and its allotropes have transformed the electronic and optoelectronic industry due to their encouraging properties in a large spectrum of applications. The interesting characteristic of carbon is its ability to form many allotropes due to its valency. In recent decades, various allotropes and forms of carbon have been invented, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (GR). Since the inception of nanotechnology, carbon allotropes-based nanocomposites have become a leading sector of research and advancement due to their unique bonding properties. Fullerenes and CNTs-based polymer nanocomposites have attracted significant research interest due to their vast applications in every sphere of science and technology. Current research impetus reveals that carbon and its allotropes have revolutionized the industry and academia due to their fascinated properties. Recent advances in various aspects of graphene, CNTs, graphene nanoribbons, fullerenes, carbon encapsul...

Magical Allotropes of Carbon: Prospects and Applications

Almost 15 years have gone ever since the discovery of graphene as a single atom layer. Numerous papers have been published to demonstrate its high electron mobility, excellent thermal and mechanical as well as optical properties. We have recently seen more and more applications towards using graphene in commercial products. This paper is an attempt to review and summarize the current status of the research of the thermal properties of graphene and other 2D based materials including the manufacturing and characterization techniques and their applications, especially in electronics and power modules. It is obvious from the review that graphene has penetrated the market and gets more and more applications in commercial electronics thermal management context. In the paper, we also made a critical analysis of how mature the manufacturing processes are; what are the accuracies and challenges with the various characterization techniques and what are the remaining questions and issues left before we see further more applications in this exciting and fascinating field.

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Graphene related materials for thermal management

High thermal conductivity graphite nanoplatelet/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (GNPs/UHMWPE) nanocomposites are fabricated via mechanical ball milling followed by a hot-pressing method The GNPs are located at the interface of the UHMWPE matrix The thermal conductivity coefficient of the GNPs/UHMWPE nanocomposite is greatly improved to 4624 W m−1 K−1 with 214 vol% GNPs, 9 times higher than that of the original UHMWPE matrix The significantly high improvement of the thermal conductivity is ascribed to the formation of multidimensional thermally conductive GNPs–GNPs networks, and the GNPs have a strong ability to form continuous thermally conductive networks The method of cooling-pressing on the machine is more beneficial for the improvement of the thermal conductivity, by increasing the crystallinity of the UHMWPE matrix Furthermore, the thermal stabilities of the GNPs/UHMWPE nanocomposites are increased with increasing addition of GNPs

High thermal conductivity graphite nanoplatelet/UHMWPE nanocomposites

Polymer matrix wave-transparent composites: A review

High density graphene hybrid aerogels with enhanced thermal conductivity and compressive properties are fabricated by self-assembly of aqueous mixtures of graphene oxide and high-quality graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) followed by a convenient and cost-effective air drying process. The reduced graphene oxide sheets form an integrated three-dimensional network to accommodate GNPs, while the GNPs act as reinforcements to avoid excessive volume shrinkage of the network during the air drying process. Octadecanol is thus easily impregnated into the porous graphene network to obtain octadecanol/graphene phase change composites (PCCs) with exceptional thermal conductivities. The PCC with 12 wt% graphene exhibits a thermal conductivity of ∼5.92 W m−1 K−1 that is 26-fold higher than that of neat 1-octadecanol while maintaining a high latent heat of fusion (∼202.8 J g−1). Even when compressed by a high weight at ∼70 °C, the PCC still retains shape stability without any leakage. Such abilities to endow PCCs with exceptional shape stability and to boost their thermal conductivity by an order-of-magnitude without incurring a significant loss in the heat of fusion are important attributes in enabling their practical application as latent heat storage/release units for thermal management and thermal protection.

Air-dried, high-density graphene hybrid aerogels for phase change composites with exceptional thermal conductivity and shape stability

A novel “three-step approach” of methanesulfonic acid/γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane/GlycidylEthyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MSA/KH550/POSS) was proposed to functionalize the surface of high modulus poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers. Results indicated that GlycidylEthyl POSS was successfully grafted on the surface of HMPBO fibers and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was increased obviously. The single fiber pull-out strength of POSS-g-HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite was improved to 1.19 MPa, better than that of native HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:611–616, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Surface functionalization of HMPBO fibers with MSA/KH550/GlycidylEthyl POSS and improved interfacial adhesion

The silane coupling agent of γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane combined with ultrasonic vibration was employed to modify the surface of high modulus poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers. The results showed that polar hydroxyl groups were successfully introduced on the HMPBO surface. The contact angles on HMPBO fibers both for water (θ
 water
 ) and for glycol (θ
 glycol
 ) gradually were decreased, and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was also increased. Meanwhile, the single fiber pull-out strength of HMPBO was increased accordingly.

Enhanced surface property of HMPBO fibers by using γ -aminopropyl triethoxy silane

The surface treatment of high modulus poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers was performed by using a solution of polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/absolute alcohol (EtOH) (1:1, vol:vol) under ultrasonic vibration. The chemical compositions, crystallinity, and surface morphologies of HMPBO fibers were characterized by contact angles, XRD, XPS, TGA, and SEM. Results showed that the hydrophilicity of treated HMPBO fibers was improved, and the contact angles between treated HMPBO fibers and water were decreased. The treated HMPBO fibers exhibited the slight reduction in the single fiber pull-out strength and crystallinity.

Improvement of Surface Property of HMPBO Fibers by Polyphosphoric Acid/Absolute Alcohol under Ultrasonic Vibration

The surface of high modulus poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers were treated by the combination method of oxygen plasma/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The chemical compositions and surface morphologies of HMPBO fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The interfacial shearing strength (IFSS) of the HMPBO/cyanate ester (HMPBO/CE) micro-composites was measured by single fiber pull out test. Results showed that the POSS was grafted on the surface of HMPBO fibers, and the grafting amount was about 0.82 wt%. After the treatment, the HMPBO fibers became coarser and the diameter was also increased. Compared with that of pure HMPBO/CE micro-composites, the IFSS of treated HMPBO/CE micro-composites was increased by 20.7%. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:2026–2030, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Structures and properties of HMPBO fibers treated by oxygen plasma/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

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Surface functionalization of HMPBO fibers with MSA/KH550/GlycidylEthyl POSS and improved interfacial adhesion

Enhanced surface property of HMPBO fibers by using γ -aminopropyl triethoxy silane

Improvement of Surface Property of HMPBO Fibers by Polyphosphoric Acid/Absolute Alcohol under Ultrasonic Vibration

Structures and properties of HMPBO fibers treated by oxygen plasma/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane