[1] We use GPS measurements and block modeling to investigate the present-day deformation of the Adriatic region, whose kinematics within the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary zone is not well constrained and remains controversial. Block modeling allows us to compute rigid-plate angular velocities while accounting for elastic strain accumulation along block-bounding faults. Results suggest that the Adriatic is a microplate (Adria) and that the southern boundary with the Nubia plate and the Aegean domain may be located along the Apulia Escarpment and the Kefallinia fault. Geodetic data alone cannot discriminate between a single block (AP) or a two blocks (GDAP) description of Adria, but the GDAP model predicts boundary slip rates that are in better agreement with observations from previous studies.

The Adriatic region: an independent microplate within the Africa-Eurasia collision zone

Diatoms, vascular vegetation, sediment data and water salinity from contemporary intertidal environ ments in Roudsea Marsh, northwest England, are used to define altitudinal relationships between diatom assem blages and reference water levels. Comparison of these data with the high-resolution diatom biostratigraphy of a fossil marsh sequence allows identification of fluctuations of relative sea level in the mid- and late Holo cene. Two oscillations in relative sea level are recorded. A rise in sea level (> 0.6 m) led to the inundation of the site after 6000 BP and was followed by a fall in sea level (c. 1 m) around 4700 BP. A second rise in sea level (> 0.5 m) occurred before 2420 BP and was followed by a relatively stable or smaller rise of sea level during the last millennium. The use of diatom groups based on marsh altitude was successful.

Mid- and late-Holocene sea-level changes in Roudsea Marsh, northwest England: A diatom biostratigraphical investigation

Salt-marsh foraminifera serve as proxy sea-level indicators due to a quantifiable relationship with elevation in the contemporary environment. In this paper, we document the distribution of salt-marsh foraminifera from two microtidal sites, Jadrtovac and Blace, along the Adriatic coast of Croatia and assess their suitability as proxies for elevation in transfer-function-based reconstructions of sea level, which has so far evaded the Mediterranean region. The assemblages are dominated by typical salt-marsh agglutinated taxa, Jadammina macrescens and Trochammina inflata, and the calcareous taxa Ammonia spp. and Quinqueloculina spp. Quantitative analyses revealed that the assemblages are divided into three faunal zones, which are elevation dependent, and where an assemblage dominated by J. macrescens and T. inflata extends to higher elevations in the intertidal frame. The training set was used to develop a tidal- level transfer function using linear regression due to the short environmental gradients observed. The model predicts sea level with a precision of ± 0.08 m. This study highlights the strong potential of salt-marsh foraminifera in reconstructing RSL trends for the Mediterranean region, where studies of past sea-level have previously been restricted to other indicators.

/pdf/contemporary-salt-marsh-foraminiferal-distribution-from-the-28zs2t7prk.pdf

Contemporary salt-marsh foraminiferal distribution from the adriatic coast of croatia and its potential for sea-level studies

Altimetry measurements over the Ionian region and tide gauge records along the southern Italian coasts have been combined to analyse the negative sea level trend over the Ionian basin in the last decades. The apparent decreasing trend should be better understood as an abrupt sea level drop in 1998 probably linked to changes in the surface circulation in the Ionian basin induced by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, which changed from anticyclonic to cyclonic about March 1998. From then onwards, a rising rate of 7.9 ± 0.9 mm/year is observed over the basin.

A new insight on the decreasing sea level trend over the Ionian basin in the last decades

The geomorphological system composed of a torrent and a beach on the Island of Hvar was analysed with the aim to define natural and anthropogenic processes which influence changes in beach morphology. Using repeat photography method, ortho-photo images and field mapping it was found that between the 60s of the last century and the present, the Zogon beach reduced in size by approximately 50%. The reduction of the beach size can be related to the recent anthropological activities in the wider study area particularly due to multiply filling of the torrent bed during construction works and minor land use changes, as well as due to natural reforestation which all cause a decrease in the supply of material to the beach. On the other hand, the reversal of the beach evolution in the observed period, which is, by definition the accumulative relief form, from the accumulative state or state of balance, to dominant erosion, can be associated with recent climate change and relative sea level rise.

Rekonstrukcija recentnih morfoloških promjena žala uz pomoć metode ponovljene fotografije – primjer žala Zogon na otoku Hvaru (Srednji Jadran)

The application of salt-marsh foraminifera to reconstruct historical sea-level trends was investigated for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using a transfer function approach. This technique, whilst well practised from north Atlantic sites along the shores of America and UK, has previously evaded any published study in the Mediterranean region. A total of 70 surface samples were collected across separate transects established at two micro-tidal salt-marsh sites from the central Croatian coastline to establish a modern dataset of foraminifera. In addition, environmental variables were also investigated including salinity, pH, organic matter, particle size, distance (from open water) and altitude, relative to the Croatian national datum. Three sediment cores were sampled for fossil foraminifera and composite chronologies involving short-lived radionuclides, radiocarbon dating and pollution indicators from XRF. Age-depth models were created using classical and Bayesian approaches. Quantitative analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages revealed on average three faunal zones in which characteristic species occurred. This comprised a faunal zone composed almost exclusively of agglutinated species; J. macrescens, T. inflata and M. fusca extending between mean tidal level (MTL) and beyond MHWST (higher altitude). A second faunal zone was more variable and comprised of a mixed assemblage of agglutinated species described above in addition to calcareous species; Ammonia spp., Elphidium spp., Haynesina germanica and Quinqueloculina spp. This zone spanned a large vertical range above and below MTL. In a third faunal zone calcareous species dominated and was restricted to the lower altitudes of the salt-marsh environments. Further quantitative measures were employed to test the hypothesis that foraminiferal distributions were
controlled by altitude. Partial ordination techniques revealed altitude as a statistically significant control confirming their suitability as proxies for sea-level in transfer function reconstructions. An analysis of species environment relationships revealed strong linear response suggesting the use of PLS regression models. Transfer functions were then developed for both site specific and a total combined dataset, where small r2 jack values largely reflected the short environmental gradients despite relatively low predictions errors (RMSEP jack = <0.11). The total combined dataset was chosen and screened to remove
sample outliers improving model performance (r2 jack = 0.54 and RMSEP jack = 0.08). Finally, the transfer function model was applied to core sediments to reconstruct mean sea-level
where an inflexion observed at AD 1940 showed acceleration comparable to other proxy reconstructions. Indeed this trend was similar to instrumental data from Trieste tide-gauge
records. Similarly the transfer function reconstruction identifies the dramatic increases in MSL observed in both tide-gauge (Split and Trieste) and satellite observations since the early 1990s.

Reconstructing historical sea-level trends for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using salt-marsh foraminifera

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Reconstructing historical sea-level trends for the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea using salt-marsh foraminifera