/pdf/aquaculture-and-the-environment-55tv3aiaz5.pdf

Aquaculture and the Environment

There is growing interest in sustainable intensification of aquaculture production. Yet little economic analysis has been done on farm-level effects of the economic sustainability of production intensification. Data from 83 shrimp farms (43 in Vietnam and 40 in Thailand) were used to identify (through principal component and cluster analyses) 13 clusters of management practices that reflected various scales of production intensity that ranged from 0–1999 kg/ha/crop to 10,000 kg/ha/crop and above, for both Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei in Vietnam and Thailand. The clusters identified reflected sets of management practices that resulted in differing yields despite similarities in stocking densities among some clusters. The enterprise budget analysis developed showed that the more intensively managed clusters outperformed the less intensively managed clusters in economic terms. More intensively managed farm clusters had lower costs per metric ton of shrimp produced and were more profitable. The greater yields of shrimp produced per hectare of land and water resources in more intensively managed shrimp farms spread annual fixed costs across a greater volume of shrimp produced and reduced the cost per metric ton of shrimp. Costs per metric ton of shrimp produced decreased from the lowest to the highest intensity level (from US$10,245 at lowest intensity to US$3484 at highest for P. monodon and from US$24,301 to US$5387 for L. vannamei in Vietnam and from US$8184 at the lowest intensity level to US$3817 at the highest intensity level per metric ton for L. vannamei in Thailand). Costs of pond amendments used in shrimp production were particularly high in Vietnam and largely unwarranted, whereas fixed costs associated with the value of land, production facilities, equipment, and labor were sufficiently high in Thailand so that net returns were negative in the long run. Nevertheless, economic losses in Thailand were less at greater levels of intensification. The study demonstrated a clear value proposition for shrimp farmers to use natural resources (such as land) and other inputs in an efficient manner and supports findings from corresponding research on farm-level natural resource use efficiency. Additional research that incorporates economic analysis into on-farm studies of sustainable intensification of aquaculture is needed to provide ongoing guidance related to sustainable management practices for aquaculture.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jwas.12423

Economics of Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture: Evidence from Shrimp Farms in Vietnam and Thailand

Publisher Summary Low capital cost and the relative reliability offish production are the major advantages offish culture in earthen ponds. Disadvantages of pond production are the need for continuous management of dissolved oxygen concentrations, as well as other fluctuating water quality variables. Labor requirements (especially for harvesting) and problems with off-flavors, predators, and diseases represent additional management difficulties. These issues, combined with land, water, and environmental resource constraints, have stimulated a search for technological improvements in aquaculture practices. Shifting production to more energy-intensive systems is one solution, either through application of increased aeration (2 to 38 kW/ha; 1 to 20 hp/acre) in ponds, or by abandoning the land-intensive pond altogether and shifting production to higher density recirculating tank or raceway systems. Researchers and producers have made significant efforts to address the need for intensification of pond aquaculture while minimizing environmental impacts. Pond aquaculture productivity is limited first by oxygenation of the water column and second by accumulation of ammonia to levels toxic to the cultured organisms.

19 Partitioned aquaculture systems

The economic performance of the current inshore rock bream aquaculture industry conducted in Yeosu, Korea was compared with a pilot commercial scale offshore aquaculture farm in Jeju, Korea. Data was collected from 12 inshore farms and two production cycles of the offshore farm for use in Monte Carlo simulations run over a ten year time horizon. Net present value was compared for the inshore farms and two survival rate scenarios for the offshore farm. The offshore farm is expected to have a higher survival rate if it can withstand tsunamis and avoid pollution, disease and red tide impacts that are prevalent inshore. When the offshore farm was modeled with its observed higher survival rate, its average net present value ($1,016,483) significantly outperformed the inshore farms average net present value ($182,153). In the second scenario, the offshore farm survival rate was lowered based on performance data from the inshore farms. Not surprisingly, given the higher investment costs, the offshore farm perfor...

A comparison of the economic performance of offshore and inshore aquaculture production systems in korea

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production performance in Jeju region, Korea Based on the collected biological, costs and market price data, farming revenue and expenses during the farming period were evaluated, and the net present value and the internal rate of return of a 10-year cash inflow and cash outflow were estimated to determine the economic feasibility of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production system Model results indicated that the Mackerel offshore aquaculture production performance would have high profitability under the current production and market situation This is because of the relatively high survival rate, relatively low feed conversion ratio and good market prices However, sensitivity analyses of main important biological and economic variables showed that the economic viability of Mackerel offshore aquaculture production system would be highly vulnerable to production and market condition changes

/pdf/godeungeo-oehaegaduriyangsigyi-gyeongjeseong-bunseog-28iljpls14.pdf

고등어 외해가두리양식의 경제성 분석

The Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) provides a promising intensive aquaculture technology that is efficient and profitable, while simultaneously solving a variety of culture problems. This creates a sustainable aquaculture technology, which is environmentally safe and economically feasible. The PAS eliminates water discharge and reduces land usage and ground water requirements. The PAS system production process was modeled for catfish production using a growth model developed from observed data. The results of the PAS economic analysis were compared with two traditional catfish production scenarios. Comparisons were made between estimated investment requirements, operating costs and internal rates of return and breakeven points for alternate production systems and land ownership status. The results look promising, but research is ongoing on how best to manage the filter feeder component of the PAS.

Profitability comparison of the partitioned aquaculture system with traditional catfish farms

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Profitability comparison of the partitioned aquaculture system with traditional catfish farms