Forecasting the Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Energy Use: A Microeconomic Study of Induced Travel and Energy Rebound

The effects of public transit supply on the demand for automobile travel

Cities around the world are trying out a multitude of transportation policy and investment alternatives with the aim of reducing car-induced externalities. However, without a solid understanding of how people make their transportation and residential location choices, it is hard to tell which of these policies and investments are really doing the job and which are wasting precious city resources. The focus of this paper is the determinants of car ownership and car use for commuting. Using survey data from 1997 to 1998 collected in New York City, this paper uses discrete choice econometrics to estimate a model of the choices of car ownership and commute mode while also modeling the related choice of residential location. The main story told by this analysis is that New Yorkers are more sensitive to changes in travel time than they are to changes in travel cost. The model predicts that the most effective ways to reduce both auto ownership and car commuting involve changing the relative travel times for cars and transit, making transit trips faster by increasing both the frequency and the speed of service and making auto trips slower – perhaps simply by allowing traffic congestion. Population density also appears to have a substantial effect on car ownership in New York.

Neighborhoods, Cars, and Commuting in New York City: A Discrete Choice Approach

The paper examines the impact of the Greek economic crisis (2009-2018) and the resulted personal income reduction on the change of commuters' travel behavior. The analysis is based on an extensive questionnaire survey, which took place in six Greek cities representing 49.5% of the total urban population of the country. The questionnaire survey was conducted during the year 2017 on a random sample of 2,218 individuals through personal interviews. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to draw useful and practical solutions which would reveal the actual effect of the economic crisis on commuters' travel behavior and their decision to change transport mode for utilitarian or recreational trips, by comparing the years 2008, the year before the beginning of the economic crisis, and the year 2017 when the Greek crisis reached its end. It can be conducted that the personal income reduction has a side effect on the use of private vehicles in favor of the use of public transport and of walking; thus, the crisis has a positive impact on sustainable mobility by changing the way commuters travel in urban areas and favoring more friendly transport modes from both economic and environmental point of view. The results of this survey can be a useful tool for city planners to encourage sustainable transportation so as to increase the quality of life in cities and decrease transport infrastructure investments, energy consumption and environmental degradation.

/pdf/economic-crisis-and-its-impact-on-sustainable-urban-2aurege5ps.pdf

Economic crisis and its impact on sustainable urban transport

FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AND THE IMPACT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ITIS) - Case Study of Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART)

This report summarizes the auto travel demand elasticities with respect to different cost variables. The dependent variable of interest is vehicle miles of travel (VMT) of personally owned vehicles by U.S. households. Trip frequency, in terms of the number of trips made per day, is also considered as a dependent variable, though it requires a conversion (i.e., a trip length assumption) to put trip frequency into VMT terms. A relationship between household-level VMT and a set of explanatory variables is established using the direct demand approach. In particular, a log-log regression model is formulated and calibrated using the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) dataset, supplemented with the national transit database and other data sources. Household-level travel demand elasticities with regards to fuel cost, maintenance cost, transit services, income and other socioeconomic characteristics are derived from the VMT regression model. A Poisson regression model is used to describe the relationship between trip frequency and various travel cost variables. In addition, to examine the effect of travel time and cost on the mode choice between flying and driving a personal vehicle, the long distance passenger travel mode choice is represented by a discrete choice model. Using a subset of 2001 NHTS long trip samples, a binary logit choice model is developed and calibrated, which includes access distance, travel time, cost, income, and travel party size as explanatory variables. Aggregate elasticities of long distance trips by personal vehicles are derived from the discrete choice model.

Analysis of Automobile Travel Demand Elasticities With Respect To Travel Cost

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Analysis of Automobile Travel Demand Elasticities With Respect To Travel Cost