Positive emotions in IS

Objective With the rapid development of the Internet, e-health interventions are becoming popular and are showing positive impacts. Cancer affects not only patients but also their caregivers, leading to a recognition that cancer patient-caregiver dyads cope with cancer as a unit rather than as individuals. The objectives of this paper are to explore web-based interventions for cancer patient-caregiver dyads coping with cancer from the aspects of intervention content, delivery format, outcome measurements, and outcomes and to provide recommendations on developing patient-caregiver dyadic web-based interventions for future research. Methods Literature focused on cancer patient-caregiver dyadic web-based interventions, published in English or Chinese from the launch of five databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBase, Medline, Science Citation Index Expanded) to April 2019, was systematically searched. Manual searching through the references of full-text articles was also conducted. Results Of a total of 812 articles, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. The content of these web-based dyadic interventions mainly included information support, communication and support, skills-building, and psycho-education. These web-based interventions reported a small to large positive impact on patients with cancer and their caregivers in terms of physical health (d = 0.17-0.75), psychological health (d = 0.04-0.80), overall quality of life (d = 0.20-0.68), and dyadic relationship (d = 0.30-0.95). Conclusions Web-based dyadic interventions can be designed for tailored content, which benefits both patients and their caregivers. Future research on cancer patient-caregiver web-based interventions should be conducted in diverse cultures.

A critical literature review of dyadic web-based interventions to support cancer patients and their caregivers, and directions for future research.

Background The majority of aging adults with heart failure (HF) receive support from a family caregiver. Most literature has emphasized the stressors and burden of caregiving, with less focus on positive self-gains associated with caregiving. Methods and results Using an explanatory sequential design, we assessed self-gain by administering a survey to caregivers of a person with HF (n = 108) and then conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with a subset (n = 16) of these caregivers. Quantitative results indicate spousal caregivers, and caregivers with higher preparedness and higher mastery had greater odds of reporting high self-gain. Content analysis of qualitative data revealed 3 themes of self-gain including (i) caregiving as a means to enhancing relationships, (ii) success in negotiating care and healthy behaviors with people with HF, and (iii) caregiving as a means of preparing caregivers for the future. Conclusions HF caregivers experience a range of positive self-gains and the ability to find meaning in the stressful caregiving role. Caregivers' ability to garner intrinsic gains from their role can have important benefits well after caregiving has ended.

/pdf/positive-experiences-and-self-gain-among-family-caregivers-6yabsc1r7t.pdf

Positive Experiences and Self-Gain among Family Caregivers of Persons with Heart Failure

A model for theory development in nursing

The number of partners providing informal care for their chronically ill spouse is rising, and they describe their daily life as demanding. The aim of this paper was to describe the partners’ experiences of living with a person with chronic illness and how they manage everyday life. A descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. A purposive sample of 16 Swedish partners with a chronically ill spouse were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Four main themes were identified: ‘Managing challenges in daily life,’ ‘Seeking support and use own capabilities to manage life,’ ‘Appreciating the good parts of life’ and ‘Adapting to constant changes and an uncertain future’. Their experiences of support from formal care providers varied; they expressed the need for more assistance from the health care sector. The partners experienced many challenges in everyday life when providing informal care for their chronically ill spouse. This affected both their physical and psychological health, as they had limited time for themselves. The partners seemed to receive more support from their informal network than from formal care providers. In handling daily life, the partners balanced demands and resources to identify possibilities to move forward and find meaning in life. This is congruent with theories by Antonovsky, and Folkman and Lazarus that describes meaningfulness and how to handle challenges in everyday life.

/pdf/living-with-a-spouse-with-chronic-illness-the-challenge-of-3gmu1iews7.pdf

Living with a spouse with chronic illness – the challenge of balancing demands and resources

Tiivistelma
Omaishoitajat pitavat huolta ikaantyneista, vammaisista tai sairastuneista laheisistaan ja tekevat osaltaan heille mahdolliseksi asua kotona. Monet omaishoitajat ovat itse ikaantyneita pitaen huolta ikaantyneesta puolisostaan. Tassa artikkelissa analyysin kohteena on puolisohoitajan henkilokohtainen kasvu puolisohoitajan kokemana. Analyysissa tarkastellaan kirjallisuudessa esille tulleita tulkintoja puolisohoitajan kasvun kokemuksista. Tutkimusmenetelmana on kirjallisuuskatsauksessa koottujen artikkeleiden sisallonanalyysi.  
Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella henkilokohtainen kasvu puolisohoidossa ilmenee sellaisina kokemuksina, kuten ihmissuhteiden ja elaman arvostamisena, uusien taitojen loytamisena ja henkilokohtaisena vahvistumisena.  Ihmissuhteet tuntuvat entista tarkeammilta ja merkityksellisemmilta, mika ilmenee myos myotatuntona muita kohtaan. Myos suhde kuolemaan osana elamaa nousee esille. Kasvu saattaa tulla nakyviin myos elamalle asetettujen tavoitteiden muuttumisena, positiivisina hoivakokemuksina seka elamaan liittyvien positiivisten asioiden havaitsemisena. Kasvuun liittyy myos kokemus uusien asioiden ja taitojen oppimisesta, mika vahvistaa luottamusta omaan selviytymiseen. Tassa tutkimuksessa tarkastelun kohteena olivat kasvun kokemusten tulkinnat kirjallisuudessa, mutta lisatutkimusta kaivataan erityisesti prosesseista ja keinoista, joiden kautta kasvun kokemuksia saavutetaan.

/pdf/puolisohoitajan-henkilokohtainen-kasvu-g7lr643rs3.pdf

Puolisohoitajan henkilökohtainen kasvu

This article aimed at identifying the positive emotions connected to spouse caregiving and the advantages for spouse carers. Theoretically, the article is based on the concept of emotion and the assumptions of positive psychology. Data search is conducted via electronic literature databases and the analysis method is partly theory-driven and partly inductive content classification. Our analyses discover and clarify the concepts associated with positive emotions in caring, such as the gains of caregiving, benefit-finding, finding meaning, personal growth, post-traumatic growth and resilience. We also utilise a conceptual framework to describe positive emotions in caregiving, and the identified advantages of positive emotions in spouse caregiving include distress buffering, mediation in coping with stress, increased quality of life and well-being, and finding a sense of purpose. Finally, spouse care is seen in this article as a challenging life situation which at best can support personal growth, if the processing of both positive and negative emotions is included in daily life. Hence, the service and support system should be developed further by utilising the findings of positive psychology as well as studies of personal growth.

Positive emotions in caring for a spouse: a literature review

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Puolisohoitajan henkilökohtainen kasvu

Positive emotions in caring for a spouse: a literature review