Nitric acid oxidation of vapor grown carbon nanofibers

The effect of coupling agent on electrical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites

Surface properties of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers

Influence of heat treatment on physical–chemical properties of PAN-based carbon fiber

PAN based carbon fibres were subjected to electrochemical oxidation under a wide variety of conditions. Sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sulphuric acid and nitric acid were used as electrolytes in four concentrations changing from 2 to 20 wt%. The applied voltage varied from 0.5 to 5 V in four steps. The surface chemistry of the fibres was studied by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). The strength of adhesion between the fibre and an epoxy matrix was characterised by the interfacial shear stress (IFSS), which was determined by fragmentation. The functional groups formed on the surface of the fibres depend very much on the type of the electrolyte used, while their number on its concentration, as well as on the voltage of oxidation. A close correlation was found between surface chemistry and fibre/matrix adhesion, the concentration of certain functional groups could be related quantitatively to IFSS. Some of the functional groups formed during oxidation could not be identified by the DRIFT technique used for analysis.

Electrochemical oxidation of carbon fibres: surface chemistry and adhesion

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Fiber Surfaces. 17. Interfacial Interactions between Phenolic Resin and Carbon Fibers Electrochemically Oxidized in Nitric Acid and Phosphoric Acid Solutions, and Their Effect on Oxidation Behavior

DuPont E-120 high-modulus pitch-based carbon fibers were treated electrochemically in 0.5 M (NH4)2CO3 solution under both potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the chemical changes on the carbon fiber surfaces. Both core-level and valence-band spectra showed that the treatment introduced both oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups onto the fiber surfaces, and the mainly oxygen-containing functional groups produced were carbonyl (C=O) type functional groups after longer treatment time. For short treatment time, hydroxide (C-OH) type groups were the dominant functionality, and ether (C-O-C) or epoxide type groups were also formed. The O 2s peaks from oxygen atoms in the hydroxide functionality and the ether or epoxide groups are well separated in the valence-band spectra; the corresponding O 1s peaks, however, are not separated in the O 1s core-region spectra.

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Fiber Surfaces. Part XVI: Core-Level and Valence-Band Studies of Pitch-Based Fibers Electrochemically Treated in Ammonium Carbonate Solution

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Fiber Surfaces. 20. Interfacial Interactions between Phenolic Resin and Electrochemically Oxidized Carbon Fibers Using Titanium Alkoxide Coupling Agents and Their Effect on Oxidation Behavior

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Fiber Surfaces. 18. Interfacial Interactions between Phenolic Resin and Carbon Fiber Electrochemically Oxidized in Ammonium Carbonate Solution and Their Effect on Oxidation Behavior

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of poly(ether ketone ketone): core level and valence band studies and valence band interpretation by X.alpha. calculations

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