Thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of graphene/nano-alumina/epoxy composites

This paper aims at reviewing the works published in the last five years (2016-2020) on polymer nanocomposites based on epoxy resins. The different nanofillers successfully added to epoxies to enhance some of their characteristics, in relation to the nature and the feature of each nanofiller, are illustrated. The organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructured epoxies are also introduced and their strong potential in many applications has been highlighted. The different methods and routes employed for the production of nanofilled/nanostructured epoxies are described. A discussion of the main properties and final performance, which comprise durability, of epoxy nanocomposites, depending on chemical nature, shape, and size of nanoparticles and on their distribution, is presented. It is also shown why an efficient uniform dispersion of the nanofillers in the epoxy matrix, along with strong interfacial interactions with the polymeric network, will guarantee the success of the application for which the nanocomposite is proposed. The mechanisms yielding to the improved properties in comparison to the neat polymer are illustrated. The most important applications in which these new materials can better exploit their uniqueness are finally presented, also evidencing the aspects that limit a wider diffusion.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3415/pdf

Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

Insulation failure and insufficient thermal management in electrical and electronic equipment threaten their safe and stable operation and restrict development toward high power and high integratio...

Oriented Boron Nitride Nanosheet Films for Thermal Management and Electrical Insulation in Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Improving Surface Performance of Silicone Rubber for Composite Insulators by Multifunctional Nano-coating

Surface flashover is a devastating electronic avalanche along the gas–solid interface when a high electric field is applied, which is a potential issue that threatens the safe operations of advanced power electronic, electrical, and spacecraft applications. However, the underlying physical mechanisms for surface flashover development are still under investigation owing to the complex charge transport processes through the gas phase, solid phase, and gas–solid interface. In this study, the history of surface flashover theory in the last 50 years is introduced, and several key questions are reviewed from the perspective of the competing mechanisms of charge transport: the role of each phase in a surface flashover, the origin of surface charging, and effects of traps in solid on surface flashover. Then, some suggestions involve charge transport processes in each phase, and their correlations are put forward, and a predictable ‘charge transport competitive flashover model’ is proposed by clarifying the competing mechanisms of charge transport processes through multiple phases. This study summarises the history and hot topics of physical mechanisms of surface flashover proposed based on classic and recent progress and offers promising routes for developing a more precise surface flashover theory and improving surface flashover performances. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/hve2.12340

Surface flashover in 50 years: Theoretical models and competing mechanisms

Improvement of electrical and material properties of epoxy resin/ aluminum nitride nanocomposites for packaging materials

This paper presents the mechanism of the surface charge dissipation and flashover voltage of epoxy resin (EP) with nano aluminum nitride (AlN) composites enhanced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment in open air. Surface conductivity, surface potential decay (SPD), flashover voltage, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and surface roughness were measured to evaluate the electrical and physicochemical properties of EP/AlN nanocomposite samples before and after the plasma treatments. It is found that surface conductivity is evidently increased with the increase of the plasma treatment time. Moreover, the SPD of the plasma treated samples after positive and negative corona charging are enhanced. However, the positive charge dissipation is influenced more significantly by the treatment. Both the positive and negative flashover voltage are improved after the plasma treatment, and the amplitude of negative flashover voltage is higher than the positive flashover voltage in each case. Physicochemical measurements show that the content of polar groups is improved after the plasma treatment, and the surface roughness is continuously increased with the increment of the plasma treatment time. The calculated trap distribution demonstrates that the amount of both shallow holes trap and shallow electron trap are increased after the plasma treatment. This investigation attributes the enhanced SPD and improved flashover voltage to the increased surface conductivity, the more amount of shallow traps and the improvement of the sample surface roughness.

Surface charge dissipation and DC flashover characteristic of DBD plasma treated epoxy resin/AlN nanocomposites

Enhanced thermal and dielectric performance of epoxy resin/aluminum nitride nanocomposites at high temperatures

This paper presents an investigation on DC flashover voltage of silicone rubber (SiR) improved by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatments under ambient atmospheric pressure air. DC surface conductivity, surface potential decay (SPD), DC surface flashover voltage, partial discharge magnitude, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrograms, and surface water contact angles are measured to analyze the influence of plasma treatment on the SiR. It is found that the speed of SPD increase consistently with the plasma modification time. The tendency of flashover voltage is increasing at first and then decreasing with the increased time of the plasma treatment. The magnitude and number of partial discharge pulses increase apparently with the increased plasma treatment time. Physicochemical measurements indicate that more amount of polar groups appear on surface after the DBD plasma modification, whereas the surface water contact angles decline continuously with the increased plasma modification time. However, the hydrophobicity is recovered after 30 d exposure in the air. It is demonstrated that the SPD is accelerated significantly due to the increased surface conductivities and density of shallow traps. However, the reduction of flashover voltage after longer time of the plasma treatment is attributed to the increased mobility of charge carriers on the sample surface.

Surface potential decay and DC surface flashover characteristics of DBD plasma-treated silicone rubber.

For high temperature superconducting (HTS) dc cables, one key issue is the necessity of using polymer dielectrics with higher dielectric strength at cryogenic temperature in liquid nitrogen. Nanocomposites have played an important role in improving the dielectric properties of epoxy resin (EP). This article investigates on the dc breakdown strength and the surface potential behavior of the epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites (0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) at the room and cryogenic temperatures. Moreover, the trap distributions are analyzed from the surface potential decay (SPD) measurement. The possible effect of the trap distributions on the dc breakdown strength is discussed with the valid results. The measurements show that the dc breakdown strength and the initial surface potential continually increased with the nanoparticle addition up to 3 wt% at both room and cryogenic temperatures, and decreased thereafter. The enhancement of the breakdown strength and the initial potential is also found at cryogenic temperature. Besides, the addition of the nanoparticles decreased the rate of SPD compared with the pure epoxy. It is proposed that the higher trap density and trap level enhances the dc breakdown strength. Interestingly, under the cryogenic environment, the nanoparticles addition significantly affects the trap distributions, which further influences the dielectric strength. The enhanced dc breakdown strength is attributed to the reduced space charge formation, the charge carrier mobility and the energy of the charge carriers within the sample bulk.

DC Breakdown and Surface Potential Behavior of Epoxy/Al 2 O 3 Nanocomposites at Cryogenic Temperature

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