China produced 17.1 billion cubic meters (BCM) of methane sourced from coal seams in 2015, of which 4.43 BCM is from wells drilled from the surface. This level of production is a clear indicator th...

Resources and geology of coalbed methane in China: a review

Reservoir properties of Chinese tectonic coal: A review

Macromolecular and pore structures of Chinese tectonically deformed coal studied by atomic force microscopy

Multifractal analysis of Hg pore size distributions of tectonically deformed coals

Accurate characterization and visualization of the complex inner structure and stress distribution of rocks are of vital significance to solve a variety of underground engineering problems. In this paper, we incorporate several advanced technologies, such as CT scan, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and 3D printing, to produce a physical model representing the natural coal rock that inherently contains complex fractures or joints. We employ 3D frozen stress and photoelastic technologies to characterize and visualize the stress distribution within the fractured rock under uniaxial compression. The 3D printed model presents the fracture structures identical to those of the natural prototype. The mechanical properties of the printed model, including uniaxial compression strength, elastic modulus, and Poissons ratio, are testified to be similar to those of the prototype coal rock. The frozen stress and photoelastic tests show that the location of stress concentration and the stress gradient around the discontinuous fractures are in good agreement with the numerical predictions of the real coal sample. The proposed method appears to be capable of visually quantifying the influences of discontinuous, irregular fractures on the strength, deformation, and stress concentration of coal rock. The method of incorporating 3D printing and frozen stress technologies shows a promising way to quantify and visualize the complex fracture structures and their influences on 3D stress distribution of underground rocks, which can also be used to verify numerical simulations.

Visualization of the complex structure and stress field inside rock by means of 3D printing technology

Research on structure of tectonically deformed coals (TDC) is a key issue in coal and gas outburst prevention and coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation. This paper presents a summary on the research progress in TDC’s structural-genetic classification, tectonic strain influence on coal microstructure, coal porosity system, coal chemical structure and constituents, and their relationship with the excess coalbed methane. Previous studies suggested that tectonic deformation had significant influence on coal microstructure, coal super microstructure, and even chemical macromolecular structure. The main mechanisms of coal deformation are the tectonic stress degradation and polycondensation metamorphism (dynamical metamorphism). Besides, under different deformation mechanisms, the ultra- and micro-structure and chemical constituents of TDC presented distinct characteristics. Based on these achievements, we propose one possible evolutionary trend of TDC with different deformation mechanisms, and suggest that the coal and gas outburst in the TDC, especially in the mylonitic coals, may be not only controlled by geological structure, but also influenced by the tectonic stress degradation of ductile deformation. Therefore, further study on TDC should be focused on the controlling mechanism of deformation on structure and composition of coal, generation conditions and occurrence state of excess coalbed methane from deformation mechanism of coal.

Structure and coalbed methane occurrence in tectonically deformed coals

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Structure and coalbed methane occurrence in tectonically deformed coals