CO2 methanation over Ni nanoparticles inversely loaded with CeO2 and Cr2O3: Catalytic functions of metal oxide/Ni interfaces

Abstract Nickel is the most widely used inexpensive active metal center of the heterogeneous catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation to methane. However, Ni-based catalysts suffer from severe deactivation in CO 2 methanation reaction due to the irreversible sintering and coke deposition caused by the inevitable localized hotspots generated during the vigorously exothermic reaction. Herein, we demonstrate the inverse CeAlO x /Ni composite constructed on the Ni-foam structure support realizes remarkable CO 2 methanation catalytic activity and stability in a wide operation temperature range from 240 to 600 °C. Significantly, CeAlO x /Ni/Ni-foam catalyst maintains its initial activity after seven drastic heating-cooling cycles from RT to 240 to 600 °C. Meanwhile, the structure catalyst also shows water resistance and long-term stability under reaction condition. The promising thermal stability and water-resistance of CeAlO x /Ni/Ni-foam originate from the excellent heat and mass transport efficiency which eliminates local hotspots and the formation of Ni-foam stabilized CeAlO x /Ni inverse composites which effectively anchored the active species and prevents carbon deposition from CH 4 decomposition. 

Thermally stable Ni foam-supported inverse CeAlOx/Ni ensemble as an active structured catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methane

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) based nanomaterials have emerged as promising dermal equivalents, promoting fibroblast infiltration and tissues regeneration. To enhance the antibacterial and wound healing activity, herein chitosan (CS)-CeO2 combined nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) complex loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanohybrid (CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL) scaffolds were prepared through casting method. The nanohybrid scaffolds' physiochemical, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated using advanced analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum evidently depicted the various intermolecular interactions on the nanohybrid scaffolds. The developed scaffold exhibited the high swelling behavior and good degradability and permeability which is beneficial for absorbing wound transudation to fasten the healing efficacy. Moreover, CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL scaffolds owned the better antibacterial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus. Also, MTT assay on fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells indicated improved cell viability and proliferation. In vivo results revealed that the fabricated scaffold full aid to complete wound closure after 14 days which showed CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL as the significant wound dressing material with potential antibacterial immunity. 

Development of chitosan-based cerium and titanium oxide loaded polycaprolactone for cutaneous wound healing and antibacterial applications.

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) for hydrogen production is a significant and promising clean energy technology. So, a comprehensive review focused on the analysis of high-temperature reforming, low-temperature reforming, autothermal reforming, and CO removal in MSR is conducted. The selection and design of catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of MSR, which can improve the selectivity of methanol decomposition and hydrogen generation, and reduce the occurrence of side reactions. The optimized reactor design and better thermal management technology effectively reduce heat loss and achieve high energy efficiency in methanol autothermal reforming. Furthermore, gaining profound insights into the reaction mechanisms plays a pivotal role in guiding catalyst development and reactor enhancements, which is instrumental in addressing catalyst deactivation, catalyst longevity, and undesired side reactions. CO removal technology plays a pivotal role in the hydrogen production process of MSR. It is employed to eliminate CO impurities, thus enhancing the purity of the hydrogen production. This review contributes valuable insights into high-purity hydrogen production, catalyst stability improvement, and key challenges linked to CO removal in MSR, facilitating advancements in hydrogen technology. 

Catalyst, reactor, reaction mechanism and CO remove technology in methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production: A review

With the objective to develop applicable catalysts for methanol steam reforming (MSR) to generate H2, five individual REOs were prepared as supports for Cu/CuO to understand the Cu/CuO-support interaction. Pure REO supports with a cubic phase are successfully fabricated except that monoclinic La2O2CO3 carbonate is formed for La2O3 sample, which has negative effect on the reaction. The reaction performance ranks as 5 % Cu/CeO2 > 5 % Cu/Sm2O3 > 5 % Cu/Pr6O11 > 5 % Cu/Y2O3 > 5 % Cu/La2O3 for the samples. It has been disclosed that the quantities of surface basic sites, active O2– species, Cu+ contents/percentage and active Cu surface area are positively correlated to the reaction performance. Thus, the interaction together of these four factors decides the reaction performance. In addition, In-situ DRIFTS results of CH3OH adsorbing/steam reforming have demonstrated that on the optimal 5 % Cu/CeO2, the reactive monodentate m-HCOO* intermediate is formed, which is absent on 5 % Cu/Y2O3 with worse performance. 

Cu/REO (RE = La, Pr, Sm, Y, Ce) catalysts for methanol steam reforming: Understanding the interaction between Cu and individual REO supports

Interface-hydroxyl Enabling Methanol Steam Reforming Toward CO-Free Hydrogen Production Over Inverse ZrO2/Cu Catalyst

The MnOx-Na2WO4-based catalysts show the most promise for practical application in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), but its working mechanism is still open for debate. Herein, we attempt to reveal the role of Na2WO4 in a low-temperature light-off Mn7SiO12–Na2WO4/Cristobalite catalyst system. Three catalysts with Mn7SiO12–Na2WO4, Mn7SiO12, and Na2WO4 supported on cristobalite were rationally tailored, tested in the OCM reaction, and deeply characterized by 17O-labeling solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman combined with temperature-programmed reaction/desorption methods. The OCM reaction proceeds via the Na2WO4-modulating Mn7SiO12 ↔ MnSiO3 redox with CH4/O2. The Na2WO4 substantially reduces the trigger temperature of such a redox cycle and gets it running selectively instead of combustion. Neither direct redox of Na2WO4 nor oxygen spillover between Na2WO4 and Mn7SiO12 was observed. Nevertheless, oxygen exchange between O2 and Na2WO4 will still occur via the Td-WO4 ↔ Oh-WO6 tautomerization only in case of re-oxidizing MnWO4 (Oh-WO6) formed during reaction at >750 °C back to Mn7SiO12 and Na2WO4 (Td-WO4). 

Insight into the Role of Na2WO4 in a Low-Temperature Light-off Mn7SiO12–Na2WO4/Cristobalite Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

The fluidized-bed reactor is a preferred option for the design of an intrinsic-safety oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process, because it permits such strongly exothermic reaction to proceed isothermally. However, the widely studied Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst cannot meet the requirements of the fluidized-bed reaction. Ground-breaking fluid catalyst coupling high activity/selectivity with good anti-agglomeration and high attrition resistance represents a grand challenge. Herein, we report an Mn2O3-Na3PO4/TiO2 catalyst (280–355 μm) for the fluidized-bed OCM process, achieving 28.5% CH4 conversion with 70.1% C2-C3 selectivity at 760 °C for a feed gas of CH4/O2 of 5/1 while remaining unchanged within 16 h test. This catalyst shows significant fluidization behavior under OCM reaction conditions. It is found that TiO2 nanorods tangle up with each other to form an interpenetrating nano-structure thereby inducing strong mechanical strength and robustness with a low attrition index of only 2.8%. Moreover, high melting-point Na3PO4 and use of TiO2 support impart the catalyst to good anti-agglomeration because of eradication of formation of the sticky Na2Si2O5 and molten Na2WO4 (main cause for agglomeration) encountered in the Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2. 

Mn2O3-Na3PO4/TiO2 catalyst with high anti-agglomeration and attrition resistance for fluidized-bed oxidative coupling of methane

Core-shell Cu@SiO2/SiO2 catalyst for 1,6-hexanediol dehydrogenation to ε-caprolactone: High activity and stability from core-shell nanostructure

Efficient hydroaminomethylation of olefins catalyzed by Rh-complex ligated by P,O-hybrid ligand with chelating effect

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