Metal forming is not only shaping the form of a product, it is also influencing its mechanical and physical properties over its entire volume. Advanced analysis methods recently enable accurate prediction of these properties and allow for setting these properties deterministically during the forming process. Effective measurement methods ensure the setting of these predicted properties. Several real examples demonstrate the impressive achievements and indicate the necessity of a paradigm change in designing products by including manufacturing-induced effects in the initial dimensioning. This paradigm change will lead to lightweight components and serve environmentally benign designs.

Metal forming beyond shaping: Predicting and setting product properties

The effect of cold rolling on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Fe–23Mn–0.3C–1.5Al twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was studied. The extensive mechanical twinning subdivides the initial grains into nanoscale twin lamellas. In addition, the formation of deformation micro bands at e >40% induces the formation of nanostructured bands of localized shear. It is demonstrated that the mechanical twinning is notably important for dislocation storage within the matrix, as the twin boundaries act as equally effective obstacles to dislocation glide as conventional high-angle grain boundaries. However, the contribution of the grain size strengthening to the overall yield stress (YS) is much smaller than that of the deformation strengthening, which plays a major role in the superior work-hardening behavior of TWIP steels. A very high dislocation density of ~2×10 15  m −2 is achieved after plastic deformation with moderate strains. The superposition of deformation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening leads to an increase in the YS from 235 MPa in the initial state to 1400 MPa after 80% rolling.

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Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of Fe–23Mn–0.3C–1.5Al TWIP steel during cold rolling

Metastable austenite driven work-hardening behaviour in a TRIP-assisted dual phase steel

Effect of cold rolling on recrystallization and tensile behavior of a high-Mn steel

Multiphase-field modeling of martensitic phase transformation in a dual-phase microstructure

Advanced high-strength steels offer a great potential for the further development of automobile bodies-in-white due to their combined mechanical properties of high formability and strength They represent the first choice in material selection for strength and crash-relevant parts with challenging geometries The intensive development of multiphase steels by ThyssenKrupp Steel has led to hot dip galvanizing concepts with an outstanding forming potential Hot rolled, hot dip galvanized complex-phase steels are currently produced in addition to cold rolled dual phase (DP) and retained austenite (RA) or transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels



New continuously annealed grades of steel are being developed with tensile strength levels of up to 1000 MPa in combination with sufficient ductility for the high demands of structural automobile components These steels make use of the classic advantages of microalloying as well as the principles of DP steels and RA / TRIP steels Further improvement of properties will be reached by the new class of high manganese alloyed steels

Advanced Cold Rolled Steels for Automotive Applications

Advanced multiphase steels offer a great potential for bodies-in-white through their combination of formability and achievable component strength levels. They are first choice for strength and crash-relevant parts of challenging geometry. The intensive development of high-strength multiphase steels by ThyssenKrupp has led to hot dip galvanizing concepts with an outstanding forming potential. Hot rolled, hot dip galvanized complex phase steels are currently produced in addition to cold rolled DP and RA steels.

New continuously annealed grades with tensile strength levels of up to 1000 MPa in combination with sufficient ductility for applications mainly in the field of structural automobile elements make use of the classic advantages of microalloying as well as the principles of DP and TRIP steels. Further improvement of properties will be reached by the new class of high manganese alloyed steels.

Advanced cold rolled steels for automotive applications

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Advanced Cold Rolled Steels for Automotive Applications

Advanced cold rolled steels for automotive applications