The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs

This is the first of a series of books derived from a national mental health survey by a Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health and supported by the national government through grants authorized by Congress to the National Institute of Mental Health and from some private sources. It is expected that ten monographs will be published in time, followed by a final report, with a summary of findings and recommendations for national and state mental health programs. Certainly this first volume augurs well for the total series, because the author has presented the problems of mental health in succinct and scientific style, with extremely worth-while suggestions for future research. The author starts out with the assumption that mental health is not the negative of mental illness. It suggests that there is a condition that could be called positive mental health, and this the author takes as her focus for

Current Concepts of Positive Mental Health.

Perceived health status indicates people’s overall perception of their health, including both physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2010). Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with self-perceived health in two age groups: Adults aged 65+ and Adults aged 40–64. We found that higher income was significantly associated with better health status while chronic conditions and stress were associated with worse health status. In the 40–64 and 65+ age groups, individuals in the highest income bracket were 4.65 and 1.94 times, respectively, more likely to report better health than individuals in the lowest income bracket. The difference in the level of income associated health inequities between the two age groups point to the need for understanding the reasons behind lower inequities among seniors and how much the social protections provided by the Canadian government to seniors contribute to lowering inequities. Though Canada has a national public health insurance system providing coverage to all Canadians, health inequities associated with income persist providing further evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health. Examining the extent of these inequities and what factors influence them helps direct policy attention. In addition to documenting inequities, this paper discusses policy options for reducing the identified inequities.

/pdf/determinants-of-self-perceived-health-for-canadians-aged-40-52t6m6ofa0.pdf

Determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older and policy implications.

Social stress theory predicts that psychosocial resources shape health inequalities but is less clear about the ways in which the availability of resources differs across racial and socioeconomic g...

Race and SES Differences in Psychosocial Resources: Implications for Social Stress Theory:

Objectives A lifecourse framework was used to examine the association between major and everyday measures of perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among African American men and to evaluate whether these relationships differed for young, middle-aged, and older men. Method The association between both major and everyday discrimination and depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, was assessed among 296 African American men in the 2011-2014 Nashville Stress and Health Study (NSAHS) using ordinary least squares regression. Interactive associations between major and everyday discrimination and age patterns in the discrimination-depressive symptoms relationship were also investigated. Results Everyday, but not major discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among African American men. This relationship was stronger among middle-aged men and diminished among older men. However, major discrimination, but not everyday discrimination, was associated with depressive symptoms of older men (age 55+), with greatest depressive symptomatology among those reporting both forms of discrimination. Discussion Everyday discrimination is a more consistent predictor, relative to major discrimination, of depressive symptoms among African American men across the lifecourse, although there were age and/or cohort differences. Findings also demonstrate the synergistic, or additive, impact of multiple forms of discrimination on mental health.

Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men Across the Adult Lifecourse.

With social survey data from a random sample of 1252 black and white adults who participated in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we cross-classified biological markers of dysregulation with self-report health measures. Our aim was to quantify the degree of concordance between them. The study collected blood and urine samples to derive a 10 component estimate of allostatic load. In addition, the computer-assisted interview included an array of self-report measures such as self-perceived health, doctor-diagnosed diseases, bed days, and activity limitations. Allostatic load and the self-report measures were dichotomised. Modest concordance was observed between allostatic load and self-perceived health (OR = 1.742), doctor-diagnosed diseases (OR = 2.309), bed days (OR = 1.103), activity limitations (OR = 1.778), and ill on any self-report health measure (OR = 1.700). The self-report measures were significantly predictive of allostatic load, with the exception of bed days. Further, there was litt...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14461242.2016.1184989

The multidimensionality of health: associations between allostatic load and self-report health measures in a community epidemiologic study

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The multidimensionality of health: associations between allostatic load and self-report health measures in a community epidemiologic study