A stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain

Congo red and protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Benzodiazepine receptor multiplicity.

Trazodone and m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Concentration in brain and receptor activity in regions in the brain associated with anxiety.

It has recently been reported that the concentration of β-phenylethylamine (PEA) was elevated in the plasma of an individual experiencing convulsions because of an overdose of tranylcypromine. Also, high concentrations of PEA, injected into mice, were reported to induce convulsions. This convulsive effect was prevented by pretreatment with the benzodiazepines diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. In this study, PEA in concentrations from 0.5 to 100 μM failed to alter the binding of [ 3 H]-flunitrazepam ([ 3 H]-FLU) in membrane preparations from mouse rostral forebrain. The metabolites of PEA: phenylacetic acid, phenylethanolamine, octopamine and tyramine, also failed to affect [ 3 H]-FLU binding. This suggests that although there are substances that act as convulsants by interacting with the benzodiazepine receptor sites, the convulsant effect of PEA and its metabolites is mediated elsewhere.

[3H]-flunitrazepam binding in the presence of β-phenylethylamine and its metabolites

Several dyes, representing different structural classes, inhibit [3H]flunitrazepam binding to brain specific receptors in the rat with 50% inhibition in the 1 to 100 μM range. Crystal Violet and Methyl Violet 2B inhibited more potently in the forebrain than in the cerebellum. Congo Red yielded a Hill number near 2.3, probably reflecting positive cooperativity between interacting binding sites in benzodiazepine receptor complexes. Toluidine Blue 0 was the most potent of the dyes tested (IC50=1 μM in cerebellum) and inhibited more potently in cerebellum than in forebrain.

Differential inhibition of brain specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding by several types of dyes

A procedure for labeling rat CNS proteins in vivo which is useful for behavioral and pharmacological studies has been developed. Intraventricular administration of35S-methionine through bilateral indwelling cannulae provided reproducible and highly specific radiolabeling of proteins from frontal cortex (FC), parietal cortex (PC), occipital cortex (OC), striatum (ST), septal nuclei (SN), amygdala (AM), hippocampus (HIP), thalamus (TH), brain stem (BS) and cerebellum (CB). Relative rates of synthesis of over 200 individual proteins were subsequently analyzed by 2DGE. Regional analysis demonstrated increased labeling of a protein of MW 28 kD and pI 6.4 in the hippocampus that was barely detectable in striatum of control rats. In heat-shocked animals, there was increased relative synthesis of the 74 kD Heat Shock Protein in both the septal nuclei and hippocampus.

Analysis of individual CNS protein synthesis.

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Differential inhibition of brain specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding by several types of dyes

Analysis of individual CNS protein synthesis.