The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications

This review summarizes current understanding of how climate change-driven physical and ecological processes influence the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and contaminants of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in Arctic biota and food webs. The review also highlights how climate change may interact with other stressors to impact contaminant toxicity, and the utility of modeling and newer research tools in closing knowledge gaps on climate change-contaminant interactions. Permafrost thaw is influencing the concentrations of POPs in freshwater ecosystems. Physical climate parameters, including climate oscillation indices, precipitation, water salinity, sea ice age, and sea ice quality show statistical associations with POPs concentrations in multiple Arctic biota. Northward range-shifting species can act as biovectors for POPs and CEACs into Arctic marine food webs. Shifts in trophic position can alter POPs concentrations in populations of Arctic species. Reductions in body condition are associated with increases in levels of POPs in some biota. Although collectively understudied, multiple stressors, including contaminants and climate change, may act to cumulatively impact some populations of Arctic biota. Models are useful for predicting the net result of various contrasting climate-driven processes on POP and CEAC exposures; however, for some parameters, especially food web changes, insufficient data exists with which to populate such models. In addition to the impact of global regulations on POP levels in Arctic biota, this review demonstrates that there are various direct and indirect mechanisms by which climate change can influence contaminant exposure, accumulation, and effects; therefore, it is important to attribute POP variations to the actual contributing factors to inform future regulations and policies. To do so, a broad range of habitats, species, and processes must be considered for a thorough understanding and interpretation of the consequences to the distribution, accumulation, and effects of environmental contaminants. Given the complex interactions between climate change, contaminants, and ecosystems, it is important to plan for long-term, integrated pan-Arctic monitoring of key biota and ecosystems, and to collect ancillary data, including information on climate-related parameters, local meteorology, ecology, and physiology, and when possible, behavior, when carrying out research on POPs and CEACs in biota and food webs of the Arctic.

/pdf/the-influence-of-global-climate-change-on-accumulation-and-20ruqctn.pdf

The influence of global climate change on accumulation and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in Arctic food webs.

Climate change and community fisheries in the arctic: A case study from Pangnirtung, Canada

A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in the evaluation of marine protected area planning. The synthesis outlines (1) supporting services, provided in form of habitat, including feeding grounds and nurseries for microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds and mammals (particularly the key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which are tightly linked to the sea-ice ecosystem and transfer carbon from sea-ice primary producers to higher trophic level fish, mammal species and humans); (2) provisioning services through harvesting and medicinal and genetic resources; (3) cultural services through Indigenous and local knowledge systems, cultural identity and spirituality, and via cultural activities, tourism and research; (4) (climate) regulating services through light regulation, the production of biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation and the release or uptake of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide. The ongoing changes in the polar regions have strong impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. While the response of sea-ice - associated primary production to environmental change is regionally variable, the effect on ice-associated mammals and birds is predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human harvesting and cultural services in both polar regions. Conservation can help protect some species and functions. However, the key mitigation measure that can slow the transition to a strictly seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, reduce the overall loss of sea-ice habitats from the ocean, and thus preserve the unique ecosystem services provided by sea ice and their contributions to human well-being is a reduction in carbon emissions.

/pdf/climate-change-impacts-on-sea-ice-ecosystems-and-associated-3f6aguw5o0.pdf

Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services

The backdrop for this study is the Norwegian national Svalbard policy, with long-term goals to transition Svalbard into a sustainable future without coal and to maintain Norwegian presence. Tourism...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2154896X.2020.1819016

Svalbard in transition: adaptation to cross-scale changes in Longyearbyen

Aastrup, Peter ; Ackrén, Maria ; Allard, Michel ; Archambault, Philippe ; Arendt, Kristine ; Barrette, Carl ; Bélanger, Simon ; Bell, Trevor ; Berteaux, Dominique ; Bjella, Kevin ; Bjorst, Lill Rastad ; Boertmann, David ; Boolsen, Merete Watt ; Brooks, Heather ; Brown, Ross ; Brown, Tanya ; Carbonneau, AndréeSylvie ; Chaumont, Diane ; Christensen, Tom ; Cuyler, Christine ; Dawson, Jackie ; Derksen, Chris; Devred, Émmanuel ; Doré, Guy ; Edmunds-Potvin, Sharon ; Falk, Knud ; Ferguson, Steve ; Finner, Kaitlyn ; Foged, Niels ; Ford, James ; Franke, Alastair ; Gauthier, Gilles ; Grenier, Patrick ; Guy, Emmanuel ; Hamilton, James ; Merrild Hansen, Anne ; Healey, Gwen ; Hedeholm, Rasmus B. ; Hotson, Chris ; Howell, Stephen ; Hung, Hayley ; Ingebrigtson, Linnea ; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas; Kanatami, Inuit Tapiriit ; Jacobsen, Rikke Becker ; James, Thomas ; Johnston, Margaret ; Kaae, Berit ; Lading, Tove ; Lafrenière, Melissa ; Lamoureux, Scott F. ; Langen, Peter Lang ; Lasserre, Frederic ; Lavoie, Diane ; Lee, David ; Lemay, Mickaël ; Lévesque, Esther ; Lévesque, Francis ; L’Hérault, Emmanuel ; Loya, Wendy ; Marchenko, Sergey ; Mathon-Dufour, Valérie ; Meltofte, Hans ; Ravn Merkel, Flemming ; Mosbech, Anders ; Mulvad, Gert ; Nymand, Josephine ; O’Leary, Darlene ; Olsen, Steffen M. ; Pelletier, Jean-François ; Pizzolato, Larissa ; Rigét, Frank ; Riva, Mylène ; Robert, Dominique ; Rodehacke, Christian B. ; Rodon, Thierry ; Sejr, Mikael ; Sharp, Martin ; Simon, Malene ; Smith, Sharon L. ; Southcott, Chris ; Statham, Sara ; Stendel, Martin ; Stow, Jason ; Tejsner, Pelle ; Tesar, Clive ; Tonboe, Rasmus T. ; Tremblay, Jean-Éric ; Ugarte, Fernando ; Larsen, Christina Viskum Lytken ; Walton, Fiona ; Wegeberg, Susse ; Weiler, Hope ; Wenzel, George ; Wheeland, Laura

AMAP 2017. Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Baffin Bay/Davis Strait Region

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AMAP 2017. Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Baffin Bay/Davis Strait Region