Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads.

The use of biocatalysis for industrial synthetic chemistry is on the verge of significant growth. Biocatalytic processes can now be carried out in organic solvents as well as aqueous environments, so that apolar organic compounds as well as water-soluble compounds can be modified selectively and efficiently with enzymes and biocatalytically active cells. As the use of biocatalysis for industrial chemical synthesis becomes easier, several chemical companies have begun to increase significantly the number and sophistication of the biocatalytic processes used in their synthesis operations.

Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow

https://chemistry.mdma.ch/hiveboard/rhodium/pdf/archive/merbst/quinoline1999.pdf

Quinoline, quinazoline and acridone alkaloids

The classical studies of nicotine by Langley at the turn of the 20th century introduced the concept of a “receptive substance,” from which the idea of a “receptor” came to light. Subsequent studies...

/pdf/mammalian-nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptors-from-structure-1woeprh7qg.pdf

Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function.

▪ Abstract The neonicotinoids, the newest major class of insecticides, have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs. Their common names are acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. They generally have low toxicity to mammals (acute and chronic), birds, and fish. Biotransformations involve some activation reactions but largely detoxification mechanisms. In contrast to nicotine, epibatidine, and other ammonium or iminium nicotinoids, which are mostly protonated at physiological pH, the neonicotinoids are not protonated and have an electronegative nitro or cyano pharmacophore. Agonist recognition by the nicotinic receptor involves cation-π interaction for nicotinoids in mammals and possibly a cationic subsite for interaction with the nitro or cyano substituent of neonicotinoids in insects. The low affinity of neonicotinoids for vertebrate ...

NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE TOXICOLOGY: Mechanisms of Selective Action

Conversion of 2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles to 2-(alkylthio)-L-tryptophans

Alkaloids from dendrobatid poison frogs: Further pumiliotoxins and allopumiliotoxins and a reassignment of the keto function in pumiliotoxin 307F

An unusual reaction of skatole with tetranitromethane.

A naturally occurring erythro diastereomer of pumiliotoxin b

Chemical evidence for the involvement of tryptophan in the interaction of trypsin with the inhibitor from beef pancereas

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