Personal Information Management (PIM) is the management of information (e.g. files, emails, and bookmarks) by an individual in support of his/her roles and tasks. Although PIM is practiced daily by millions of people, a research community has never been established. This SIG aims to provide an opportunity for researchers, students and designers who share an interest in the field to meet and discuss key issues. We hope the SIG will lay the foundation for an ongoing PIM research community.

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Personal information management

Although initially developed as low-threshold tools to publish on-line, weblogs increasingly appear to facilitate conversations. The objective of this study is to identify practices of conversational blogging. This paper presents results of an exploratory qualitative analysis of a weblog-mediated conversation case, focusing on participation rhythm, media choices and specific linking practices. Based on our findings we propose attributes of conversational blogging: linking as conversational glue, tangential conversations and interplays between conversation with self and conversations with others. Finally, future research directions are discussed.

/pdf/beyond-personal-webpublishing-an-exploratory-study-of-6is6isk2bz.pdf

Beyond Personal Webpublishing: An Exploratory Study of Conversational Blogging Practices

Pervasive Computing is a new area of research with increasing prominence; it is situated at the intersection between human/computer interaction, embedded and distributed systems and networking technology. Its declared aim is a holistic design of computer systems, which is often described as the disappearance of computer technology into the periphery of daily life. One central aspect of this vision is a partial replacement of explicit, obtrusive interfaces for human/computer interaction that demand exclusive user attention with implicit ones embedded into real-world artifacts that allow intuitive and unobtrusive use. This kind of interaction with computer systems suits human users better, but necessitates an adaption of such systems to the respective context in which they are used. Context is, in this regard, understood as any information about the current situation of a person, place or object that is relevant to the user interaction. Context-based interaction, which is pursued by the design and implementation of contextsensitive systems, is therefore one of the building blocks of Pervasive Computing. Within the last five years, a number of seminal publications on the recognition of current context from a combination of different sensors have been written within this field. This dissertation tackles the next logical step after the recognition of the current context: the prediction of future contexts. The general concept is the prediction of abstract contexts to allow computer systems to proactively prepare for future situations. This kind of high-level context prediction allows an integral consideration of all ascertainable aspects of context, in contrast to the autonomous prediction of individual aspects like the geographical position of the user. It allows to consider patterns and interrelations in the user behavior which are not apparent at the lower levels of raw sensor data. The present thesis analyzes prerequisites for user-centered prediction of context and presents an architecture for autonomous, background context recognition and prediction, building upon established methods for data based prediction like the various instances of Markov models. Especial attention is turned to implicit user interaction to prevent disruptions of users during their normal tasks and to continuous adaption of the developed systems to changed conditions. Another considered aspect is the economical use of resources to allow an integration of context prediction into embedded systems. The developed architecture is being implemented in terms of a flexible software framework and evaluated with recorded real-world data from everyday situations. This examination shows that the prediction of abstract contexts is already possible within certain limits, but that there is still room for future improvements of the prediction quality.

/pdf/an-architecture-for-context-prediction-3e3l031pco.pdf

An architecture for context prediction

Patterns of Cooperative Interaction are regularities in the organisation of work, activity, and interaction among participants, and with, through, and around artifacts. These patterns are organised around a framework and are inspired by how such regularities are highlighted in ethnomethodologically-informed ethnographic studies of work and technology. They comprise a high level description and two or more comparable examples drawn from specific studies. Our contention is that these patterns form a useful resource for reusing findings from previous field studies, for enabling analysis and considering design in new settings. Previous work on the relationship between ethnomethodology and design has been concerned primarily in providing presentation frameworks and mechanisms, practical advice, schematisations of the ethnomethodologist's role, different possibilities of input at different stages in development, and various conceptualisations of the relationship between study and design. In contrast, this article seeks to first discuss the position of patterns relative to emergent major topics of interest of these studies. Subsequently it seeks to describe the case for the collection of patterns based on findings, their comparison across studies and their general implications for design problems, rather than the concerns of practical and methodological interest outlined in the other work. Special attention is paid to our evaluations and to how they inform how the patterns collection may be read, used and contributed to, as well as to reflections on the composition of the collection as it has emerged. The paper finishes, first, with a discussion of how our work relates to other work on patterns, before some closing comments are made on the role of our patterns and ethnomethodology in systems design.

/pdf/patterns-of-cooperative-interaction-linking-ethnomethodology-7biv08dswz.pdf

Patterns of cooperative interaction: Linking ethnomethodology and design

This paper presents a grounded theory of information sharing behavior of the users of a personal learning space. A personal learning space is an environment consisted of weblog, ePortfolio, and social networking functionality. It is primarily used within education as a tool to enhance learning, but is also used as a knowledge management tool and to develop communities of practice. Our results identify privacy as a main concern for users of a personal learning space and illustrate challenges users face in ensuring privacy of their information and strategies they employ to achieve the desired level of privacy. We then identify factors that affect users' decisions regarding disclosure of their personal artifacts to various people and groups in a personal learning space. The three main themes as emerged in our study include current stage in the information life cycle, the nature of trust between the owner and the receiver of information, and the dynamics of the group or community within which the information is being shared. Together, these themes portrayed a clearer picture of users' perspective on the privacy of their information in a personal learning space. The findings offer some ideas about how to create privacy management mechanisms for personal learning spaces that are based on users' mental model of information privacy. Practical implications of the results are also discussed.

A grounded theory of information sharing behavior in a personal learning space

Sharing personal information with networked groups and institutions raises questions about privacy and control best addressed through a new field of inquiry: group information management.

From PIM to GIM: personal information management in group contexts

Let not the cell phone ring at the theatre. Or at the symphony during the beautifully quiet beginning of Beethoven’s ninth. Or as my mother-in-law serves the first course of Thanksgiving dinner. The cell phone, and its potential for intrusion into social situations at inauspicious moments, has become a symbol of the blunt impacts of technology upon the fluid and subtle social structures within which we construct our lives.

Ask Not for Whom the Cell Phone Tolls: Some Problems with the Notion of Context-Aware Computing*

How might online collaborative environments be designed so as to better support coherent interaction amongst their users? Drawing from a case study of an example of coherence in an online system, I argue that one way to improve online environments is to provide visualizations that depict the presence and activities of their users. I discuss our approach to creating such visualizations using the concept of the social proxy—a minimalist representation of people and their activities in a particular context—and describe systems we have designed and deployed. I conclude with a series of concept pieces that illustrate the breath of the concept.

/pdf/designing-online-collaborative-environments-social-10133pdlhl.pdf

Designing Online Collaborative Environments: Social Visualizations as Shared Resources

Persistent conversation, human-to-human interaction carried out over computer networks, is produced by typing, speaking or other means. Unlike face-to-face conversation, it leaves a trace — in the form of text on a computer screen, sound files, etc. — that persists for varying amounts of time. Examples include interactions via chat, IM, SMS, email, news groups, web boards, blogs, wikis, 3-D virtual worlds, and other media. Persistent conversation differs from spoken conversation in interesting ways. For example, because it leaves a perceptible trace, persistent conversation can occur asynchronously with lags of minutes to months between conversational turns, as happens in e-mail. Alternatively, the turns of persistent conversation can overlap, with many participants effectively ‘speaking’ at once, as often happens in online chats. Freeing conversation from the lock-step synchrony of face-to-face talk has major implications both for the ways in which people and groups turn persistent conversation to their own ends, and for the design of systems that support conversation. Relaxation of synchrony is only one of the characteristics that distinguish persistent conversation from its spoken counterpart. Other characteristics include textual and graphic compensation for the loss of social cues present in face-to-face conversation; the possibility of very-large-scale conversations with hundreds or thousands of participants; and the social and ethical consequences (in terms of responsibility, accountability and liability) of the creation of persistent and potentially permanent records of what was once an ephemeral process. The particular aim of this minitrack, and of its associated workshop, is to bring together researchers who analyze existing computer-mediated conversational practices and sites, with designers who propose, implement, or deploy new types of conversational systems. By bringing together participants from such diverse areas as anthropology, computer-mediated communication, HCI, interaction design, linguistics, psychology, rhetoric, sociology, and the like, we hope that the work of each may inform the others, suggesting new questions, methods, perspectives, and design approaches. This is the 7 th Persistent Conversation minitrack (see www.visi.com/~snowfall/HICSS_PC_History for previous

Persistent Conversation: Design and Analysis of CMC Systems

This position paper explores the possibility of using social proxies – minimalist visualizations of people and their activities in online environments – to increase the likelihood of socially positive behaviors (trust, compliance, cooperation) in online systems. The paper begins by discussing the assumption underpinning the work: that making participants mutually visible produces social pressures for them to behave in accordance with social norms. Next it briefly describes social proxies. Finally, the paper discusses two examples that illustrate how interactive norms are more visible, and how that might in turn shape users’ behavior in online systems.

Cooperation Among Strangers: Visualizing Norms as a Means of Supporting Cooperation in Online Systems

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