Use of a multiple capital framework to identify improvements in the CSR strategies of Australian resource companies

Introduction of heavy metals contamination in the water and soil: a review on source, toxicity and remediation methods

The UK fresh produce industry faces a number of challenges, including new pests and diseases, foreign competition and the cost of and access to seasonal labour. ‘Innovation’ has been promoted to meet these challenges, but the sources of innovation, and what holds it back, have not been explored. This thesis aims to: 1) identify the sources of innovation in the fresh produce industry, 2) determine the barriers to innovation in the industry and 3) seek ways to improve the overall innovative capacity of the sector. It does so by using the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) approach as an underpinning framework within a case study design. 32 industry practitioners, including growers, technologists, researchers and retailers took part in semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using Framework Analysis. 

The study finds an increasingly consolidated and competitive industry, influenced heavily by retail groups and the need for constant innovation. It describes ‘types’ of innovation and their interlinked nature, as well as the inherent uncertainty around innovation and the difficulties in ‘measuring’ change. It finds that innovation often originates overseas and through experimentation or interaction with a given product or process. It describes both positive and negative communication in the industry and explores other blocking mechanisms to innovation including horizontal and vertical fragmentation, diverging innovation agendas and a “defensive” innovation culture. 

It also identifies a number of enabling factors for change. Interactivity and network formation are recognised as vital components of the innovation system. However, considerable emphasis is placed on non-systemic factors, such as entrepreneurialism. These findings are combined with existing literature in a functional-structural analysis to offer recommendations to bolster innovative capacity in the industry. 

The study makes several original contributions to knowledge, particularly with respect to the AIS approach: that innovation systems routinely extend beyond national borders, facilitated in part by another understudied issue – producer organisations – is an area for further research.

Innovation in the UK fresh produce industry : sources, barriers and innovative capacity

Resumo: A pesquisa objetivou analisar as praticas pedagogicas empregadas pelos professores portugueses de Biologia que favorecessem o desenvolvimento de habilidades e de competencias no ensino desta disciplina. Participaram deste estudo 94% dos professores de Biologia atuantes no Ensino Secundario da cidade portuguesa de Braganca (Nordeste de Portugal). A pesquisa caracteriza-se por seus aspectos qualitativos, descritivos e interpretativos. Para o levantamento dos dados, recorremos a entrevista semiestruturada; posteriormente os relatos foram transcritos e submetidos a analise de conteudo. Os resultados revelaram que a infraestrutura existente nas escolas, a disponibilidade de bons equipamentos e de recursos sao diferenciais no Ensino Secundario portugues. Entretanto, as dificuldades dos estudantes com o dominio da lingua portuguesa, da matematica, entre outros, sao grandes desafios a serem superados. Diante disso, conclui-se que uma praxis diversificada, que utilize estrategias como aulas laboratoriais e de campo, que utilize jogos educativos e aprendizagem cooperativa, pode melhorar a qualidade do ensino de Biologia.

/pdf/analise-da-praxis-docente-em-biologia-no-ensino-secundario-2qebpepu44.pdf

Análise da práxis docente em Biologia no ensino secundário português

HIGHLIGHTS Rural people's voices are rarely heard in forest policy and science. In Solomon Islands, logging rents remain with foreign companies and political elites, and hardly trickle down to rural communities. Local benefits of logging are minimal and ephemeral, whereas the environmental and social costs are significant and long-lasting. Addressing the negative impacts of logging on subsistence livelihoods and social relations needs to be prioritized in forestry policy. Particular attention is needed for the harmful impacts on women. SUMMARY Solomon Islands has relied on highly unsustainable industrial logging since the 1980s. While the development narrative around logging emphasizes its macro-economic importance, it structurally overlooks the impacts on local people's lives. Based on 200 qualitative interviews conducted in 25 villages and 14 logging operations in Malaita Province between 2016 and 2019, this paper demonstrates that the impacts of logging on subsistence and social relations are systemic rather than incidental. By making use of interview quotes, the paper gives voice to rural Solomon Islanders. The results show that the logging industry fails to generate lasting local benefits, while unsustainable logging practices undermine subsistence livelihoods, especially fisheries. Logging triggers conflict that long outlasts the operations themselves, causes sexual exploitation, facilitates excessive alcohol use and reinforces gender disparities by structurally excluding women from decision-making and benefit-sharing. This paper calls for a stronger focus on the social impacts of logging in forestry science, policy and practice. Les Îles Salomon sont devenues dépendantes d'une coupe de bois absolument non-durable depuis les années 80. Alors que la narration du développement portant sur la coupe de bois souligne son importance macro-économique; elle ignore structurellement les impacts de celle-ci sur la vie des populations locales. Ce papier se base sur 200 interviews qualitatives menées dans 25 villages et 14 opérations de coupe de bois dans la province du Malaita, entre 2016 et 2019, et démontre que les impacts de la coupe du bois sur la subsistance et les relations sociales sont systémiques, plutôt qu'accidentels. En faisant usage de citations provenant des interviews, le papier donne voix aux habitants ruraux des Îles Salomon. Les résultats montrent que l'industrie de coupe du bois échoue dans le domaine d'une création de bénéfices locaux durables, alors que les pratiques de coupe non-durables sapent les revenus de subsistance, particulièrement ceux de la pêche. La coupe enflamme un conflit qui perdure bien au-delà des opérations mêmes, causant une exploitation sexuelle, facilitant la consommation excessive d'alcool et renforçant la disparité entre les sexes, en excluant les femmes des prises de décision et du partage des bénéfices. Ce papier réclame qu'une concentration plus forte soit portée dans la science de foresterie, la politique et la pratique, sur les impacts sociaux de la coupe de bois. Las Islas Salomón han dependido de una tala industrial altamente insostenible desde la década de 1980. Mientras que la narrativa del desarrollo en torno a la tala de árboles enfatiza su importancia macroeconómica, estructuralmente pasa por alto los impactos en las vidas de la población local. Sobre la base de 200 entrevistas cualitativas realizadas en 25 aldeas y 14 operaciones de tala en la provincia de Malaita entre 2016 y 2019, este artículo demuestra que los impactos de la tala en la subsistencia y las relaciones sociales son sistémicos y no fortuitos. Mediante el uso de citas textuales de entrevistas, el artículo da voz a los habitantes de las zonas rurales de las Islas Salomón. Los resultados muestran que la industria maderera no genera beneficios locales duraderos, mientras que las prácticas de tala no sostenibles socavan los medios de subsistencia, especialmente la pesca. La tala desencadena conflictos que duran mucho más que las propias operaciones, provoca la explotación sexual, permite el consumo excesivo de alcohol y consolida las disparidades de género al excluir estructuralmente a las mujeres de la toma de decisiones y del reparto de beneficios. Este artículo hace un llamado a que se preste más atención a las repercusiones sociales de la tala en la ciencia, la política y la práctica de la silvicultura.

https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836902590

‘Our Happy Hour Became a Hungry Hour’: Logging, Subsistence and Social Relations in Solomon Islands

Thank you for accepting to be interviewed by us. The study we are undertaking is to understand more about the process of skin to skin contact (SSC) post birth in healthy new born infants, born by normal vaginal delivery. I will be asking you several questions which are relevant to the study. You may respond to these queries in any way you feel comfortable. It is perfectly fine if you do not want to respond. At any point during the interview, if you are not clear about any questions, you are free to clarify the same with us and ask us to explain further. The information obtained during the interview will be kept confidential and will be shared only with the research team. We would like to audio record the interview in order to ensure that we do not miss out any salient issues. The recordings will be kept confidential. Your identity will be protected and your interview will also be labelled in codes. Is it OK with you that we audio record the interview?

The interview guide

The mining industry has a major impact on society – from an economic, environmental and social perspective and due to a vast number of criteria. Which criteria should be given priority depends on where the mining operations take place. The purpose is to examine the Nordic mining industry´s sustainability practice and to develop a guideline for its sustainability efforts. The research methods used in the study include a literature review, a content analysis of sustainability reports, a review of existing sustainability initiatives, guidelines and tools, a stakeholder survey and interviews with mining company officials. Based on the findings, a sustainability criteria guideline is suggested in the areas of corporate governance, fair operating practices, economic aspects, human rights, labour practices, society and the environment.

/pdf/towards-sustainability-in-nordic-mining-a-path-towards-4fikr7l1an.pdf

Towards sustainability in Nordic Mining : A path towards sustainability for the Nordic mining industry

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The interview guide

Towards sustainability in Nordic Mining : A path towards sustainability for the Nordic mining industry