Purpose This study was designed to further elucidate the relationship between cognition and aphasia, with a focus on attention. It was hypothesized that individuals with aphasia would display varia...

/pdf/attention-and-other-cognitive-deficits-in-aphasia-presence-1l258sbc5d.pdf

Attention and Other Cognitive Deficits in Aphasia: Presence and Relation to Language and Communication Measures

BACKGROUND: Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) is a semantic treatment that aims to improve lexical retrieval of content words in sentence context by promoting systematic retrieval of verbs (e.g., measure) and their thematic roles (i.e., agent (doer of the action, e.g., carpenter, chef)) and patient (receiver of the action, e.g., lumber, sugar)). VNeST is influenced by Loverso and colleagues (e.g., Loverso, Selinger, and Prescott, 1979), who used "verb as core" treatment to improve sentence production with encouraging results, and McRae and colleagues, who showed that verbs prime typical agents (e.g., pray-nun) and patients (arrest-criminal) (Ferretti, McRae, & Hatherell, 2001) and vice-versa (McRae, Hare, Elman, & Ferretti, 2005). AIMS: There are four specific questions in this study. Does training a set of verbs using VNeST generalize to the ability to produce 1) an agent (carpenter), trained verb (measure), and patient (stairs) in response to novel picture stimuli and 2) an agent (nurse), untrained semantically related verb (weigh), and patient (baby) in response to novel picture stimuli? 3) Are generalization effects maintained?, and 4) Does VNeST generalize to the ability to retrieve nouns and verbs not directly related to treatment items in single word naming, picture description and connected speech tasks? METHODS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; PROCEDURES: Four participants with aphasia participated. Participants received VNeST, which involves retrieval of agent-patient pairs (e.g., chef/sugar, surveyor/land) related to trained verbs (e.g., measure), two times per week. A single subject, repeated probe, multiple baseline experimental design was used. Generalization to sentence production for sentences containing trained verbs and untrained semantically related verbs was tested weekly. OUTCOMES #ENTITYSTARTX00026; RESULTS: Results demonstrated generalization to lexical retrieval of content words in sentences with trained and untrained verbs across participants. Additionally, pre- to post-treatment generalization was observed on single verb and noun naming and lexical retrieval in sentences across a variety of tasks across participants. Generalization to connected speech was observed for 3 of 4 participants. CONCLUSIONS: Though preliminary, these results indicate that VNeST may be effective in promoting generalization from single word naming to connected speech in persons with moderate aphasia. A number of clinical implications related to treatment efficiency are discussed.

/pdf/effect-of-verb-network-strengthening-treatment-vnest-on-e13bxln1vv.pdf

Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) on lexical retrieval of content words in sentences in persons with aphasia

The present study had two purposes. The first was to provide variability data on objectively measured durational parameters of swallowing as accomplished by dysphagic patients secondary to stroke. The second was to examine the short-term effects of thermal application on these same durational measures. The study employed a cross-over design with each dysphagic stroke subject swallowing 10 times in both untreated and treated conditions. Two findings emerged: (1) swallowing durations in the 22 dysphagic stroke subjects were highly variable within and across subjects and have distributions that were nonnormal with nonhomogeneous variances; (2) thermal application reduced duration of stage transition (DST) and total swallow duration (TSD). Implications of these findings are discussed.

Thermal application reduces the duration of stage transition in dysphagia after stroke

http://www.csun.edu/~ainslab/readings/PastLabMembers/Keren/Blood_Co-occuring-disorders-in-children-who-stutter.pdf

Co-occurring disorders in children who stutter

The spoken language of individuals with mild aphasia and age-matched control subjects was studied under conditions of isolation, focused attention, and divided attention. A picture-description task...

Spoken Language of Individuals With Mild Fluent Aphasia Under Focused and Divided-Attention Conditions

Application of Verbing Strategies to Aphasia Treatment

This study measured the temperature acceleration of a cold probe as it contacts human tissue. Both the effects of touching a cold probe to the oral cavity and maintaining contact of the cold probe with the oral cavity were investigated. The results indicated a rapid warming pattern. This warming is effected first by temperature changes resulting from the probe being moved from ice into room temperature and second by the contact to oral mucosa. In fact, in some cases, the probe had reached minimal cold sensation levels by the time it reached the oral cavity. Results also indicated that 6 sec after the probe is lifted from the ice, the temperature closely aproximates temperatures perceived as warm or at least neutral, but not cold.

Temperature acceleration in cold oral stimulation.

Purpose—The use of microcomputers in rehabilitation of brain damaged patients continues to win popularity in some clinical settings . Cost effectiveness, operational efficiency, and increased treatment-time allocations without additional human resources are the high tech features which bolster their acceptance and application . Yet database research in speech/language pathology concerning treatment efficacy remains sparse . In this age of high tech applications to almost every phase of our professional lives, there appears an urgent necessity to know the efficacy of treating patients with microcomputers . The field presently lacks convincing data as to the efficacy of using microcomputers for the rehabilitation of aphasic adults . It is unfortunate, however, that many clinicians are getting into the computer business without collecting this efficacy data first . The purpose, then, of the present study is to answer the following question: are microcomputers more effective in teaching a criterion performance than the same procedure presented by a clinician?

The Application of Microcomputers for the Treatment of Aphasic Adults

An Analysis of Learning, Generalization, and Maintenance of Verbs by an Aphasic Patient

This study investigated the effects of temporal expansion of verbal language upon the auditory comprehension performance of aphasic adults. Twenty-three aphasics and 23 normal subjects received unaltered and temporally expanded presentations of the Revised Token Test (RTT). The RTT was administered to each subject under four temporal conditions: the unexpanded rate of 150 words per minute and temporally expanded by factors of 1.25, 1.50, and 1.75. Normal subjects responded to test stimuli under all conditions of temporal expansion with greater accuracy of performance and less latency of response than did aphasic subjects. While certain aphasic subjects presented statistically significant improvement in their accuracy of performance on test stimuli, actual score differences between expansion conditions were only minimally different. Neither aphasic nor normal subjects demonstrated significant differences in their respective latency of response between the four experimental conditions. Aphasic subjects who demonstrated improved performance did not present characteristics distinguishing them from subjects not experiencing such improved performance. It was concluded that the temporal expansion of both speech signal and pause time resulted in a moderate, but not consequential, improvement in most subjects' auditory comprehension. Further research investigating the effects of temporally expanding speech signals, without similar expansion of pause time, is indicated.

The effects of Temporal Expansion upon Auditory comprehension in Aphasic Adults

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