A method for operating a computer network includes: a become_root_primary command is issued to a first router to set an ID so that a spanning tree protocol (STP) selects the first router as a primary root router; a become_root_secondary command is issued to a second router to set an ID so that STP selects the second router as a secondary root router; transitioning, in response to failure of the first router, the second router to become the root router. An enable_uplinkfast command is issued to a router, and the router selects a backup designated port for a designated port, and selects a backup root port for a root port. Ports transmit BPDU messages as heartbeat messages, and a failure to detect the BPDU messages results in a backup port assuming the role of a port not detecting the BPDU messages.

Method and apparatus for rapidly reconfiguring computer networks

A packet data system such as a TCP/IP network transmits packets containing a variety of data types along links in the network. Packets are transmitted in a stream between nodes interconnected by the links, which conform to a transport layer protocol such as TCP, UDP, and RSTP, and include wireless links, which transmit packets using a radio frequency (RF) medium. Typical protocols, however, are usually developed to optimize throughput and minimize data error and loss over wired links, and do not lend themselves well to a wireless link. By examining the data in a packet, performance characteristics such as a port number are determined. The performance characteristics indicate the application type, and therefore, the data type, of the packets carried on the connection. Since certain data types, such as streaming audio and video, are more loss tolerant, determination of the data type is used to compute link control parameters for the wireless link that are optimal to the type of data being transmitted over the link.

Application specific traffic optimization in a wireless link

Methods and apparatus for concurrent growth of multiple crystalline ribbons from a single crucible employ meniscus shapers to facilitate continuous growth of discrete and substantially flat crystalline ribbons having controlled width.

Method and apparatus for growing multiple crystalline ribbons from a single crucible

A control system adapted for spa includes a finite state machine, a control panel that includes a display, where the display of the control panel displays graphic images from a video source based on an operation of the finite state machine

Controller system adapted for spa

This invention provides methods of setting-up and taking-down connections for voice and data calls in a burst switching communications system having distributed-control means coupled with ports of the system. In preferred embodiments, the distributed-control means include port processors serving one or both parties of the call; port processors and call processors serving one or both parties; and port processors, call processors, and administrative processors serving one or both parties. In a burst-switching communications system, control is implemented through control bursts sent through the system between control processors. In a preferred embodiment of setting-up a voice call between X, a calling party, and Y, a called party, the method includes the following steps: detecting X's off-hook condition and applying a dial tone to X's line, performed by X's control processor(s); detecting and storing Y's directory number digit-by-digit as dialed on X's line, performed by X's control processor(s); looking-up Y's port address and Y's control processor's port address based on Y's directory number, and transmitting a control burst to Y's control processor inquiring whether Y's line is busy or idle, performed by X's control processor(s); detecting whether Y' s line is busy or idle, transmitting a control burst to X's control processor indicating same, and if Y's line is idle, causing a ring voltage to be applied to Y's line, performed by Y's control processor(s); if Y's line is busy applying a busy signal on X's line or, if Y's line is idle, applying a ring-back signal on X's line, performed by X's control processor(s); detecting Y's off-hook condition and transmitting a control burst to X's control processor indicating same; performed by Y's control processor(s); and terminating the ring-back on X's line, performed by X's control processor(s); whereby a virtual connection has been established and full-duplex communications may occur.

Methods of establishing and terminating connections in a distributed-control burst switching communications system

A common control for a community office (C.O.) switching system includes two interactive processors. One of these interactive processors is a call control processor which comprises the uppermost element in the control hierarchy. It is a stored program processor and its functions include: (i) control of call progression, (ii) marking paths through the matrix switch network, and translations. The other of these interactive processors is a port event processor. It is a construction of electronic logic circuitry known as "combinatorial logic". The port event processor operates on the principle of the combinatorial logic being sequentially coupled to every one of the port equipment positions over a 4 millisecond scan cycle. A pair of functional units of the port event processor provide the common control capability to sense or transmit supervisory events. These function units also interact with the call control processor in a way which permits the latter to function as the uppermost hierarchical element of the common control with substantially no burden of performing real-time tasks connected with port events. The interaction between the call control processor and the port event processor is effected through a port data store which provides an individual port data field per port equipment position. In general, each port data field is accessible to either of the interactive processors.

Arrangement of interactive processors for control of ports

A central office telephone switching system including two interactive processors, including a call control processor that controls calls by establishing sequences of call progression states, and a port event processor that controls the ports and transmits and receives supervisory information to and from the ports. The port event processor and call control processor communicate through a port data store. The port event processor transfers the received supervisory information to the port data store, for use by the call control processor. The port event processor includes a digital filter that periodically time-samples the received supervisory information and determines the proper state of the received supervisory signal based on the states of the majority of the received sample signals.

Filtering of port data in a switching system employing interactive processors

A common control for a community office (C.O.) switching system includes two interactive processors. A call control processor comprises the uppermost element in the control hierarchy and is a stored program processor that controls call progression, marks paths through a matrix switch network, and performs other functions. A port event processor constructed of "combinatorial logic" is sequentially coupled to every port equipment position connected thereto over a four millisecond scan cycle. Interaction between the call control processor and the port event processor is effected through a port data store, which provides an individual port data file per port equipment position. The port event processor also includes timers that respond to call timing information that can be stored in a port data field for controlling the processing of certain signals from the corresponding port equipment position.

Arrangement of interactive telephone switching processors for performing timing analyses of port events

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Arrangement of interactive processors for control of ports

Filtering of port data in a switching system employing interactive processors

Arrangement of interactive telephone switching processors for performing timing analyses of port events