A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

Optical trapping describes the interaction between light and matter to manipulate micro-objects through momentum transfer. In the case of 3D trapping with a single beam, this is termed optical tweezers. Optical tweezers are a powerful and noninvasive tool for manipulating small objects, and have become indispensable in many fields, including physics, biology, soft condensed matter, among others. In the early days, optical trapping was typically accomplished with a single Gaussian beam. In recent years, we have witnessed rapid progress in the use of structured light beams with customized phase, amplitude, and polarization in optical trapping. Unusual beam properties, such as phase singularities on-axis and propagation invariant nature, have opened up novel capabilities to the study of micromanipulation in liquid, air, and vacuum. We summarize the recent advances in the field of optical trapping using structured light beams.

/pdf/optical-trapping-with-structured-light-a-review-25vsybeob0.pdf

Optical trapping with structured light: a review

Vector beams, and in particular vector vortex beams, have found many applications in recent times, both as classical fields and as quantum states. While much attention has focused on the creation and detection of scalar optical fields, it is only recently that vector beams have found their place in the modern laboratory. In this review, we outline the fundamental concepts of vector beams, summarise the various approaches to control them in the laboratory, and give a concise overview of the many applications they have spurned.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/aaeb7d/pdf

A review of complex vector light fields and their applications

In this study, a novel porous titanium structure for the purpose of bone in-growth has been designed, manufactured and evaluated. The structure was produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM); a rapid manufacturing process capable of producing highly intricate, functionally graded parts. The technique described utilizes an approach based on a defined regular unit cell to design and produce structures with a large range of both physical and mechanical properties. These properties can be tailored to suit specific requirements; in particular, functionally graded structures with bone in-growth surfaces exhibiting properties comparable to those of human bone have been manufactured. The structures were manufactured and characterized by unit cell size, strand diameter, porosity, and compression strength. They exhibited a porosity (10-95%) dependant compression strength (0.5-350 Mpa) comparable to the typical naturally occurring range. It is also demonstrated that optimized structures have been produced that possesses ideal qualities for bone in-growth applications and that these structures can be applied in the production of orthopedic devices.

Selective Laser Melting: a regular unit cell approach for the manufacture of porous, titanium, bone in-growth constructs, suitable for orthopedic applications.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a solid freeform fabrication technique, developed by Carl Deckard for his master’s thesis at the University of Texas, patented in 1989. SLS manufacturing is a technique that produces physical models through a selective solidification of a variety of fine powders. SLS technology is getting a great amount of attention in the clinical field. In this paper the characteristics features of SLS and the materials that have been developed for are reviewed together with a discussion on the principles of the above-mentioned manufacturing technique. The applications of SLS in tissue engineering, and at-large in the biomedical field, are reviewed and discussed.

Selective laser sintering in biomedical engineering.

The trapping efficiency and stiffness of optical tweezers using radial polarization are evaluated; the ray-tracing method and a proposed measurement method are used for numerical and experimental analyses, respectively. The maximum axial trapping efficiency with radial polarization is 1.84 times that with linear polarization, while the maximum transverse trapping efficiency decreases by 0.58 times. Further, the axial and transverse trapping efficiencies are found to be 1.19 times larger and 0.83 times smaller, respectively, than the values with linear polarization. From the experiments, the axial and transverse stiffness values are 1.2 times larger and 0.8 times smaller, respectively, with radial polarization. Hence, radial polarization enhances the axial trapping properties while reducing the transverse trapping properties.

Measurement of axial and transverse trapping stiffness of optical tweezers in air using a radially polarized beam.

Development of the nano-probe system based on the laser-trapping technique

The present paper investigates the laser sintering of titanium sheets toward the fabrication of porous artificial bones. The novelty lies in the use of a titanium powder sheet mixed with an organic binder and the application of selective laser sintering to the fabrication of a laminated porous structure. Alternating irradiation of Nd: YAG pulses with short scanning paths results in the suppression of distortion of the sintered part as well as enhanced mechanical properties. Under the appropriate conditions identified in the experiment, a bending strength of 63MPa and a Young’s modulus of 1.5GPa are attained when the load is applied parallel to the lamination direction, whereas load vertical to the lamination direction yields 79MPa and 1.8GPa, respectively. The size of pores varies from 200 to 300µm, and the porosity is approximately 65%. These values, other than Young’s modulus, are almost equivalent to those of human bones.

Selective Laser Sintering Method Using Titanium Powder Sheet Toward Fabrication of Porous Bone Substitutes

Performance of water-soluble fullerenol as novel functional molecular abrasive grain for polishing nanosurfaces

Chemical mechanical polishing of patterned copper wafer surface using water-soluble fullerenol slurry

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