Developing a Framework for Maximizing Marginal Oil and Gas Field Economics

Optimized Horizontal Well Placement in the Otter Field, North Sea using New Formation Imaging While Drilling Technology

The 2002 to 2003 Otter Field development drilling campaign utilized a combination of detailed trajectory planning and integrated geosteering techniques. The objective of this work was to maximize oil recovery, with a minimal number of wells, from the complexly faulted Otter structure. To achieve this, subhorizontal production wells were planned to track near top reservoir, through the structural culminations, to connect adjacent fault blocks. Otter is the most northwesterly of the Brent Province fields of the Northern North Sea, located in UK blocks 210/15a and 210/20d, 530 km north of Aberdeen, operated by TOTAL with partners Shell U.K. Exploration and Production, ExxonMobil and Dana. The field was discovered by the Phillips 210/15-2 well in 1977 (then called Wendy) and appraised by Fina well 210/15a-5 in 1997, following 3D seismic acquisition in 1994. The decision to proceed with development was confirmed after the success of appraisal well 210/15a-6 drilled by TotalFina in 2000. The Otter structure is an easterly dipping tilted panel that is divided into four major blocks and several minor blocks by a network of subsidiary faults. The reservoir is the Middle Jurassic Brent Group, with the uppermost Tarbert Formation shallow marine sandstones comprising the main producing target. The oil source rock is the Late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay, present in the off-structure areas, though locally absent over the Otter Field area. Top seal is provided by the Mid- to Late Jurassic Heather Shales. The Otter oil is a medium gravity crude (36.5° API) with a GOR of 79m 3 /m 3 (443 scf/bbl), in a normally pressured reservoir at a crestal depth of 1970m subsea. Otter well planning was conducted using a 3D geocellular model based on interpretation of both conventional and acoustic impedance inversion seismic datasets. Apilot study, prior to development drilling, included geochemical and petrophysical reservoir unit definition and the forward modelling of LWD log response in sub-horizontal wells. The results of these studies were used to aid geosteering, incorporating real time chemostratigraphy and LWD data at the wellsite. In addition, borehole resistivity images while drilling were used to assist in structural interpretation in real time and thus to guide the well trajectory to maximize the pay section. A key component in using these new technologies was the office-based integration of all the data via web-based monitoring of the operations. Three production wells target the culminations at the extremities of the Otter Field, supported by a downdip water injector, all drilled from a centrally located subsea template. Following the successful drilling of the first production well, 210/215a-T1, production start-up was in October 2002, via subsea tieback to the Eider facility.

Designer wells to maximize recovery for Otter Field development, Northern North Sea

Feasibility Study of Dual "Backup" Electrical Submersible Pump Based on Risk Analysis

Some concern has been expressed over the continuous low production from Marginal oil field. This production problem has been ascribed to multitude of hindrances occasioned by the nature of earth formation in the zone. Attempts to ascertain the character or complexion of such problems have often eluded researchers and operators of the field. This study adopts the use of auto-regressive time series model to find out the root cause or the mechanism that generate high output or low output in marginal field. The correlogram that captures the memory of the mechanism that generated the output process was established. And by judiciously picking and choosing the right lags from the correlogram, model that replicates the production process mechanism was also established. The result obtained shows that there is a close tracking of the forecast with the actual. Evidently, the Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) obtained is 5.07% showing that the errors in forecast are marginal suggesting that the forecast is robust if not sure-fire.

/pdf/application-of-auto-regressive-time-series-model-to-marginal-1fnv3xtggp.pdf

Application of auto-regressive time series model to marginal oil field production in Nigeria

Otter - A Challenging Marginal Oil Field Development

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Otter - A Challenging Marginal Oil Field Development