Phase change materials (PCMs) are an extraordinary family of compounds that can store and release thermal energy during phase changes. In recent years, the incorporation of PCMs into textiles has attracted considerable interest, since it represents a unique way to improve the comfort and usefulness of textiles. This article examines the advancements achieved in the preparation, classifications, and environmental effects of PCM-integrated textiles, along with a roadmap for the future. Progress of different PCM has been reported including its pros and cons. In addition, fabrications of the PCM on the apparel have been highlighted. Moreover, this Review analyzed the positive environmental impact of PCM-integrated textiles including improved insulation, extended product lifespan, and energy savings along with negative effects like higher energy consumption in the manufacturing process, added chemical additives tending to have a negative impact on the environment, less disposal features textiles and many more with recent references. Moreover, the future outlook also reports more research on nanoencapsulation, making it energy efficient, ensuring affordability, and more applications in smart PCM textiles. It seeks to stimulate additional research, encourage innovation, and contribute to the creation of high-performance, energy-efficient textiles by investigating the possibilities of PCM-enhanced textiles. The future of PCM in textiles is hopeful, with continuous research and technological advances resolving the aforementioned difficulties.

Fabrications, Classifications, and Environmental Impact of PCM-Incorporated Textiles: Current State and Future Outlook

Development and properties of n-octadecane / kaolinite composites as form-stabilized phase change materials for energy storage

Biodegradable and sustainable food packaging (FP) materials have gained immense global importance to reduce plastic pollution and environmental impact. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in biopolymers based on cellulose derivatives for FP applications. Cellulose, an abundant and renewable biopolymer, and its various derivatives, namely cellulose acetate, cellulose sulphate, nanocellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and methylcellulose, are explored as promising substitutes for conventional plastic in FP. These reviews focused on the production, modification processes, and properties of cellulose derivatives and highlighted their potential for their application in FP. Finally, we reviewed the effects of incorporating cellulose derivatives into film in various aspects of packaging properties, including barrier, mechanical, thermal, preservation aspects, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Overall, the findings suggest that cellulose derivatives have the potential to replace conventional plastics in food packaging applications. This can contribute to reducing plastic pollution and lessening the environmental impact of food packaging materials. The review likely provides insights into the current state of research and development in this field and underscores the significance of sustainable food packaging solutions. 

Sustainable production of cellulosic biopolymers for enhanced smart food packaging: An up-to-date review

Biomass and agricultural wastes have increased exponentially and are significant concerns resulting in further environmental and societal issues through the accumulation and burning of waste. Waste burning emits fumes, which release and increase greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. During the production and harvesting of nuts, nutshell waste can account for 20 to as much as 80 wt.% of the total production volume, leaving a considerable amount to accumulate and be underutilized. Peanuts, walnuts, and almonds are among the most globally produced nutshells, with the most significant contributors being China and the USA. In addition to biomass waste, plastic pollution causes the contamination of land and marine environments and the leaching of toxic substances. Interest in biodegradable polymers, their investigation, and production have quickly risen recently. This addresses the challenges of the linear economy cycle and offers a solution to waste management by improving degradation rates and applications. As such, biodegradable and biobased polymers can decrease energy consumption by 65% and greenhouse gas emissions by 35 to 80%. Therefore, this timely review focuses on using nutshell wastes such as walnuts, almonds, peanuts, pecan, pistachios, and hazelnut shells as fillers in biodegradable polymers and fabricating sustainable composites via various processing techniques. Current uses and environmental considerations of nutshell waste-based composites have been discussed based on feasibility and economic impact. 

Upcycling of Ligno-Cellulosic Nutshells Waste Biomass in Biodegradable Plastic-based Biocomposites Uses - A Comprehensive Review

Expanded graphite-phase change materials (PCM) structures are reinforced to polymers with various methods to fabricate advanced thermal energy storage materials. However, these methods still suffer from processing time and product efficiency challenges. In this study, the UV-curing method was used to produce shape-stable EG-PCM-reinforced resin composites with fast curing and low process temperature of the resin. The composite material, comprising UV-curable resin (30 %), stearyl alcohol (65 %), and Expanded graphite (5 %), was synthesized. This synthesis aimed to address the limitations of traditional PCMs, such as low thermal conductivity and leakage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the materials' phase change behavior and thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted to elucidate the microstructure and crystallinity of composite materials. The composites, exhibiting near-perfect impermeability with leakage as minimal as 0.89 %, not only enable the attainment of cooler environments by 2–3 °C under hot air conditions but also demonstrate exceptional thermal stability up to 207 °C, as evidenced by TGA results. Additionally, they offer a remarkable melting enthalpy value of 153.1 J/g. These composites, with their shape-retention ability during phase transitions and high thermal energy storage capacity, are a versatile and efficient option for sustainable energy management. This research contributes to the development of innovative materials for renewable energy integration and reducing carbon emissions. 

Production and assessment of UV-cured resin coated stearyl alcohol/expanded graphite as novel shape-stable composite phase change material for thermal energy storage

ABSTRACT The research has shown that combining phase change materials (PCMs) in construction materials improves thermal performance and longevity of construction. PCM absorbs latent heat of phase transition isothermally and minimizes temperature fluctuation. The leakage of phase-transformed PCM can be prevented with shape-stabilizing epoxy matrix. The water resistance, high adhesion, good mechanical properties, and chemical resistance of epoxy resin are also beneficial in building and construction materials. Epoxy resin is mainly used in fabricating PCM-impregnated aggregates, structural composites, and high-performance coatings in this sector. Increased research on epoxy composites with thermal energy storage capability in recent years and their rapid commercialization pace in the building industry demands a review of the current literature. The shape-stabilized PCM-epoxy composite preparation techniques described in the literature include blending, encapsulation, impregnation, and lamination methods. Blending and microencapsulation can incorporate maximum 75% and 30% PCM by weight in the composite. However, encapsulation provides phase transition in protected environment with uniform PCM phase size. The impregnation technique is majorly used for incorporating PCMs in concrete compositions with the epoxy adhesive layer. All the aggregates present in concrete can be replaced with PCM-impregnated aggregates. However, it lowers the compressive strength of the composite. PCM incorporation improves the thermal performance of lightweight laminates. The selection of an appropriate shape-stabilization technique depends on the functional requirements of building materials. This article will help the reader to understand the design approach and advantages of PCM-epoxy composites in building materials. The review also addresses the future direction for research in PCM-epoxy composites. Graphical Abstract

Thermal energy management in buildings and constructions with phase change material-epoxy composites: a review

Composite Phase Change Material for Improving Thermal Protection Performance of Insulated Packaging Container

Effect of cashew nut shell liquid on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of paddy straw filled phenolic composites

Bioproduct beeswax has good potential to serve as Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal energy storage applications. But leakage problems during the thermal transition process of beeswax demand for its encapsulation. This study demonstrates the use of resorcinol modified phenol-formaldehyde shell for beeswax microencapsulation. The optimum values of process parameters for microencapsulation were determined with the help of the Taguchi orthogonal array. Taguchi method helps to minimize experimental formulation numbers for determining optimum values of process parameters. The optimum values for control parameters core to shell ratio, surfactant concentration and agitation speed were 1:1, 3% and 800 rpm respectively. The microencapsulation process carried out with optimum parameter values yielded microencapsulated PCM. FTIR, DSC and particle size analysis confirmed microencapsulation of beeswax with resorcinol modified phenol-formaldehyde shell. Microcapsules had high melting enthalpy of 148.93 J/g with the peak phase transition temperature of 57.86 oC. Morphological analysis with SEM and optical microscope reported spherical geometry of beeswax microcapsules. Heat transfer profile of microcapsules captured with thermal imaging camera reciprocated with DSC results. The prepared thermal energy storing microcapsules will enhance the performance of building materials, solar devices, electronic systems and packaging materials.

Study of thermal energy storing beeswax microcapsules by in situ polymerization method

Beeswax is a bio-based organic phase change material. It undergoes solid to liquid phase transition at 61 &deg;C with the phase transition enthalpy of 216 J/g. The high thermal energy storage enthalpy of beeswax is suitable for maintaining a constant temperature. However, the low thermal conductivity of beeswax limits the heat transfer rate. Furthermore, beeswax should be form-stabilized to minimize leakage in the molten state. In this study, the thermal conductivity of beeswax was improved with carbon nanotube (CNT) incorporation. The leakage of molten beeswax was minimized by coating it on paperboard. The beeswax&ndash;CNT&ndash;paperboard nanocomposite was further coated with silicone adhesive. It ensured the retention of molten wax. FTIR spectrum and SEM morphology analysis of the nanocomposites confirmed the physical dispersion of CNTs into the matrix. DSC analysis of nanocomposites showed a reduction of TES enthalpy to 98.52 J/g. 

/pdf/study-of-beeswax-carbon-nanotubes-paperboard-nanocomposite-2eieogp7.pdf

Study of Beeswax–Carbon Nanotubes–Paperboard Nanocomposite for Temperature Regulation of Packaging Container

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Tejashree Amberkar

Author Tools

Chat about Author