Durability is very important property of every cutting material. This property of cutting materials defined theirs life-time. Technical science defines a lot of different factors, that they may be cause of shorter life-time of cutting tool. Maximally possible elimination of these factors is necessary for optimization of cutting materials life-time. Durability of cutting materials is defined in standard ISO 3685. The main part of standard ISO 3685 is T-vc dependence definition for selected cutting materials. One of these cuting materials contained in this standard is cutting ceramic. Standard ISO 3685 contains instructions how to create T-vc dependence for cutting tools made of cutting ceramic. In this standard are only instructions how to create T-vc dependence according to Taylor, but last part of every experiment is analytical expression of tested dependence. The article describes process how to define and analytically express T-vc dependence for cutting ceramic (Al2O3).

Analytical Expression of T-vC Dependence in Standard ISO 3685 for Cutting Ceramic

Very important cutting tool property is its durability. Durability of cutting tool defines lifetime of this cutting tool and it determines its suitability for select technological operation. Technical science defines a lot of different factors, that they may be cause of shorter cutting tool lifetime. For increase cutting tool durability is necessary maximally possible elimination of these factors. Determination of cutting tool durability is very important, because provides comprehensive information how to determine appropriate technological conditions for selected cutting tool. In engineering is for determination of cutting tools durability used T-vc dependence. The article describes process how to create durability dependence for cutting tools made of sintered carbide by means of T-vc dependence in machining process of steel 100CrMn6.

Comprehensive Identification of Sintered Carbide Durability in Machining Process of Bearings Steel 100CrMn6

The main effort of each technological process is not only to reduce the costs, but also to reduce the impact on the environment. The technology of abrasive water jet is one of the methods of division and cutting materials with the lowest impact on the environment, since water is the cutting tool, in our case with the addition of an abrasive. The aim of the measurement was the observation (examination) and evaluation of the vibration impact on the technological head in the technology of abrasive water jet when changing the selected technological parameters, namely the feed rate of the technological head. The experiments were carried out on one kind of material - steel HARDOX 500 with a thickness of 10 mm. The impact of the change of the technological head’s feed rate (100, 50, mm/min) on the size of the vibration acceleration amplitude and its frequency were examined. A database was created from the measured vibration values on the technological head and from that database the data was evaluated in selected softwares (LabVIEW, SignalExpress a Microsoft Excel). Graphical dependencies, frequency spectra covers and covers comparison graph were created from which new findings and conclusions were formulated.

Diagnostic and Experimental Valuation on Progressive Machining Unit

Abstract The main aim of presented article is present methodology how sophisticated products as compressor equipment can be considered and analyzed as a complex technical system which consists of jointly operating components – a set of hardware, software, operational staff and documented information. In process modeling, these components can be in different processes of inputs, outputs, mechanisms (resources) or management. Based on the regulatory requirements for each component of the system, a key indicator efficiency can be identified. This will allow to control the process and make appropriate decisions to improve the system. The application of the proposed methodology for the development and implementation of an integrated management system reduce the cost of resources and significantly improve the quality of the implementation of processes.

/pdf/enhancing-efficiency-by-implementation-of-integrated-17tczhb0kh.pdf

Enhancing Efficiency by Implementation of Integrated Management System in Order to Align Organisational Culture and Daily Practice

The theory and practice in engineering industry is not the same. Wise people say that practice is the only well-mastered theory. The most important part of new discovery is successfully realized experiment. Every experiment has inputs and outputs. Inputs are defined before experiment and they are accurately determined and described. Outputs have to be measured and described after experiment. It is very difficult to describe and express parameters that are base of experiments. Tested parameters and theirs dependencies are very often described by means of graphs, tables or definitions. Lot of parameters and their dependencies in engineering practice are not described by means of formula. Very important and often used standard ISO in engineering practice is standard ISO 3685. This standard includes characteristics for various cutting materials. The main part of this standard is T-vc dependence for cutting materials. One of the cutting materials contained in standard ISO 3685 is sintered carbide. There are instructions obtained in standard ISO 3685 for creation of T-vc dependence. The article describes differences between T-vc dependence for sintered carbide and standard ISO 3685.

Theory and Practice in the Process of T-vc Dependence Creation for Selected Cutting Material

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the component of the exhaust gases, from which some are characterized by carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The most considerable sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are combustion engines, thermal plants, production and distribution of products as pesticides, detergents, conservation matters, refuse inciferating plants, pyrolysis processes, coke production, cigarette gas, coal gasification. In consequence those matters from the atmosphere are accordied to earth, where they are cumulated, thereat bold increasing of aromatic hydrocarbons concentration is chronicled. The most dangerous from them is benzo(a)phyrene. If the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are get into live organisms, reagents with their structure at formation epoxides and thiolepoxides. These matters liaise to DNA, corrupted their structure and this fact induces cancer formation. The sorption possibility of natural zeolite – clinoptilolite, also its modified forms was observed in regard to some species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite Testing for Reduction of Harmful Substance in Manufacturing Exploitation

The subject of this work was the investigation of zeolite as a sorbent of toxic gases. In Nizny Hrabovec in the Slovak republic, two layers of zeolite with the active component clinoptilolite can be found. The study presented here investigated the ability of this natural zeolite to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and NO emissions from engine exhaust. Exhaust gases from combustion engines include toxic components such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a component of hydrocarbons causing harmful influence on life forms. The experiments focused on the potential reduction of these toxic gases based on the sorption and catalytic properties of natural zeolite. Also observed was the influence of chemical adjustment including incorporation of certain metal elements. Chemical analysis by mutually independent technologies served to observe the sorption of PAH with carcinogenic properties on the natural zeolite tested. The experiments showed that chemical modification improved the sorption and catalytic properties of natural zeolite. The PAH were analysed in an extract of the contaminated, thermally-activated natural zeolite and modified zeolite after washing with ammonium chloride, cobalt chloride and copper sulphate. The study also presents results of NO measurements obtained by testing the filter-sorptive automobile system.

/pdf/reduction-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-and-nitrogen-4sv6alqxmf.pdf

Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen monooxide in combustion engine exhaust gases by clinoptilolite

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Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite Testing for Reduction of Harmful Substance in Manufacturing Exploitation

Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen monooxide in combustion engine exhaust gases by clinoptilolite