The alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism that occur in heart failure, and the causes and consequences of these abnormalities, are poorly understood. There is evidence to suggest th...

/pdf/myocardial-substrate-metabolism-in-the-normal-and-failing-1cql6lgwxf.pdf

Myocardial Substrate Metabolism in the Normal and Failing Heart

New insights into doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: The critical role of cellular energetics

1. Taurine is a ubiquitous, free amino acid found in mammalian systems. 2. The biological functions of taurine are unclear. 3. Various in vivo data suggest that taurine has a variety of protective functions and deficiency leads to pathological changes. 4. Depletion in rats of taurine increases susceptibility to liver damage from carbon tetrachloride. 5. Susceptibility to a variety of hepatotoxicants correlates with the estimated hepatic taurine level. 6. In vitro data suggest that taurine can protect cells against toxic damage. 7. Taurine protects isolated hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride, hydrazine and 1,4-naphthoquinone but not against allyl alcohol, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) or diaminodiphenyl methane (DAPM) cytotoxicity. 8. The mechanisms of protection are unclear but may include modulation of calcium levels, osmoregulation and membrane stabilization.

The in vivo and in vitro protective properties of taurine

Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine.

Role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in cardiac disease, hypertension and Meniere-like syndrome.

In a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effects of adding taurine to the conventional treatment in 14 patients with congestive heart failure for a 4-week period. Compared with placebo, taurine significantly improved the New York Heart Association functional class (p less than 0.02), pulmonary crackles (p less than 0.02), and chest film abnormalities (p less than 0.01). A benefit of taurine over placebo was demonstrated when an overall treatment response for each patient was evaluated on the basis of clinical examination (p less than 0.05). No patient worsened during taurine administration, but four patients did during placebo. Pre-ejection period (corrected for heart rate) decreased from 148 +/- 14 ms before taurine treatment to 137 +/- 12 ms after taurine (p less than 0.001), and the quotient pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time decreased from 47 +/- 9 to 42 +/- 8% (p less than 0.001). Side effects did not occur in the patients during taurine. The results indicate that addition of taurine to conventional therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/clc.4960080507

Therapeutic Effect of Taurine in Congestive Heart Failure: A Double-Blind Crossover Trial*

Adriamycin Cardiotoxicity: possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Double-blind randomized crossover trial of taurine in congestive heart failure

Expecting activation of myocardial energy liberation, coenzyme Q was applied as a treatment to 55 patients suffering from congestive heart failure. Daily doses of 50 to 100 mg of coenzyme Q7 were injected intravenously in 21 cases for 3 to 35 days. Daily doses of 60 mg of coenzyme Q7 were administered perorally in 17 cases for 14 to 196 days. Daily doses of 30 mg of coenzyme Q10 were administered perorally in 17 cases for 7 to 182 days. Clinical effects were evaluated within 4 weeks by the criteria using a scoring method of severity of congestive heart failure which was devised by the authors. In summary a certain effect was found in 20 cases and a mild effect was observed in 29 cases. No significant changes were observed in heart rate and blood pressure. Exanthema appeared in 2 patients of the group of coenzyme Q7 intravenous injection. In conclusion the therapeutic effect of coenzyme Q was thought to be mild but stable in supplement to digitalis therapy in cases of congestive heart failure.

A Clinical Study of the Effect of Coenzyme Q on Congestive Heart Failure

The vectorcardiogram with the FRANK system in patients with hypertension, aortic in-sufficiency, mitral stenosis, pulmonary emphy-serna and atrial septal defect are collected and the criteria of left and right ventricular hypertrophy are presented. The criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy are as follows: 1) The magnitude of the main QRS vector in horizontal plane over 2.00 mV, and/or 2) The angle of the maximal T vector in horizontal plane over + 70°. The criteria of right ventricular hypertrophy are as follows: 1) Sx/Rx over 0.4, 2) The clockwise inscription or figure of eight of the horizontal T loop, and 3) The angle of the maximal T vector in horizontal plane less than O°. The specific criterion of atrial septal defect is the anterior convexity of the afferent limb of the left sagittal QRS loop.

Vectorcardiographic criteria of left and right ventricular hypertrophy with the Frank system.

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