Magnetoelectric Coupling in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric Heterostructures: A Survey and Perspective

We theoretically investigate an intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall effect (INAHE) in space-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric antiferromagnetic metals. The INAHE is characterized by an asymmetric and nondissipative part of the second-order electric conductivity tensor in the clean limit in contrast to the Drude-type symmetric conductivity tensor with dissipation. By introducing a multipole description, we show that the emergence of the INAHE is due to active odd-parity magnetic quadrupoles or magnetic toroidal dipoles under magnetic orderings. In order to clarify the microscopic origin of the INAHE, we specifically consider a fundamental tight-binding model of a three-dimensional tetragonal system. We demonstrate that the INAHE arises from the effective coupling between magnetic ordering and antisymmetric spin-orbit interaction. We also discuss essential electron hopping paths driving the INAHE. 

Microscopic mechanism for intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall conductivity in noncollinear antiferromagnetic metals

Structure phase state and physical properties of YbMn1-xFexO3 compositions

BaMF4 (M=Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) family are typical multiferroic materials, having antiferromagnetism at around liquid nitrogen temperature. In this work, polycrystalline BaFeF4 has been prepared by solid state reaction. The slight deficiency of Fe leads to the coexistence of valence states of +2 and +3, facilitating the electrons to hop between the neighboring Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions through the middle F- ion, leading to the strong double exchange interaction with weak ferromagnetism above room temperature. A bifurcation at about 170 K between the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled temperature dependent magnetization curves indicates the onset of 2-dimensional antiferromagnetism, which is completed at about 125 K with the sudden drop of magnetization. Despite the fact of type-I multiferroic, its magnetoelectricity can be evidenced by the pyroelectric current, which shows a peak starting at about 170 K and finishing at about 125 K. The saturated ferroelectric polarization change of around 34 {\mu}C/m2 is observed, which is switchable by the reversed poling electric field and decreases to about 30 {\mu}C/m2 under a magnetic field of 90 kOe. This magnetoelectricity can be qualitatively reproduced by first-principles calculations. Our results represent substantial progress to search for high-temperature multiferroics in ferroelectric fluorides. 

/pdf/magnetic-phase-transition-induced-ferroelectric-polarization-14yoq3wu.pdf

Magnetic phase transition induced ferroelectric polarization in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>BaFeF</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> with room-temperature weak ferromagnetism

Materials with multiple order parameters, typically, in which ferroelectricity and magnetism are coupled, are illuminative for next-generation multifunctional electronics. However, searching for such single-phase multiferroics is challenging owing to antagonistic orbital occupancy and chemical bonding requirements for polarity and magnetism. Appropriate multiferroic candidates have been proposed, but their practical implementation is impeded by the low working temperature, weak coupling between ferroic orders, or antiparallel spin alignment in magnetic sublattices. Here, we report a family of single-phase multiferroic materials in which high-temperature magnetism and voltage-switchable ferroelectricity are coupled. Using pulsed laser deposition, we have fabricated single-crystalline thin films incorporating a uniformly percolated open-shell dn framework, which are composed of Fe cations with B-site occupancy and exhibit long-range spin ordering into the displacive ferroelectric PbTiO3 lattice, as demonstrated by atomically resolved chemical analysis. The tetragonal polar Pb(Ti1-x,Fex)O3 (PFT(x), x ≤ 0.10) family exhibits a switchable ferroelectric nature and magnetic interaction with a moderate coercive field of around 300 Oe at room temperature. Notably, the magnetic order even persists above 500 K, which is higher than already reported potential multiferroic candidates until now. Our strategy of merging a spin-ordered sublattice into inherent ferroelectrics via atomic occupancy engineering provides an available pathway for highly thermally stable multiferroic and spintronic applications.

Achieving High-Temperature Multiferroism by Atomic Architecture.

The hexagonal rare-earth ferrite $R\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ family represents a unique class of multiferroics exhibiting weak ferromagnetism, and a strong coupling between magnetism and structural trimerization is predicted. However, the hexagonal structure for $R\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ remains metastable in conventional conditions. We have succeeded in stabilizing the hexagonal structure of polycrystalline $\mathrm{Yb}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ by partial Sc substitution of Yb. Using bulk magnetometry and neutron diffraction, we find that ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{0.42}{\mathrm{Sc}}_{0.58}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ orders into a canted antiferromagnetic state with the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\sim}165\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, below which the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ moments form the triangular configuration in the $ab$ plane and their in-plane projections are parallel to the [100] axis, consistent with magnetic space group $P{6}_{3}{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. It is determined that the spin canting is aligned along the $c$ axis, giving rise to the weak ferromagnetism. Furthermore, the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ moments reorient toward a new direction below reorientation temperature ${T}_{R}\ensuremath{\sim}40\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, satisfying magnetic subgroup $P{6}_{3}$, while the ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ moments order independently and ferrimagnetically along the $c$ axis at the characteristic temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{Yb}}\ensuremath{\sim}15\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Interestingly, reproducible modulation of electric polarization induced by magnetic field at low temperature is achieved, suggesting that the delicate structural distortion associated with two-up/one-down buckling of the Yb/Sc planes and tilting of the $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ bipyramids may mediate the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic orders under magnetic field. The present work represents substantial progress to search for high-temperature multiferroics in hexagonal ferrites and related materials.

Magnetic structure and multiferroicity of Sc-substituted hexagonal Yb Fe O 3

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Magnetic structure and multiferroicity of Sc-substituted hexagonal Yb Fe O 3