Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery.

I am delighted to announce the exciting news that we have received just under 900 abstracts for presentation in the scientific program of the VIth World Congress on Pain in Adelaide, April l-6, 1990. This 1s about a 50% increase in the number of abstracts submitted for the 1987 Congress in Hamburg and it represents by far the greatest number of scientific papers ever offered for the an IASP Congress. This surely reflects the healthy state of IASP and is also a very encouraging indlcator of the high level of activity in basic and clinical research in the field of pain throughout the world. Based upon our previous experience with the ratio of congress delegates to scientific abstracts, the Adelaide Congresses promises to be the largest world congress on pain we have so far held.

International association for the study of pain

Micro and Nano Machining by Electro-Physical and Chemical Processes

The fabrication of miniaturized electrochemical energy storage systems is essential for the development of future electronic devices for Internet of Things applications where connected devices are increasingly deployed in our daily life. On chip micro-supercapacitors are an attractive solution to fulfill the energy requirements of autonomous, smart, maintenance free and miniaturized sensors but they suffer from a limited energy density and poor technological readiness level in spite of high power capabilities and long cycle life. This paper aims at reviewing the current micro-supercapacitor technologies and at defining the guidelines to produce high performance micro-devices with special focus on 3D designs as well as the fabrication of solid state miniaturized devices to solve the packaging issue.

Challenges and prospects of 3D micro-supercapacitors for powering the internet of things

The authors present the accumulated experience from the thyroid clinic and ancillary facilities of the Massachusetts General Hospital, projected against the background of a critically selected segment of the vast relevant literature. Now in the third edition, the volume includes the bulk of available information—factual, theoretical, and didactic—brought to focus on the patient. Diseases of the thyroid are discussed in detail sufficient to present a rich source of information to the clinician, whatever his field of practice. Therapy is modern. The choices available are carefully and conservatively weighed and the present usages in the MGH clinics outlined. The chapter indicating the relation to the thyroid of essentially non-thyroidal diseases is especially useful in orienting the clinician to the contribution of this gland to the general body economy. The authors do not distinguish sharply between the multinodular goiter resulting from an earlier colloid goiter, and the nodular goiter related

The Thyroid and Its Diseases

A sensor is mounted to a needle at a location proximate to a tip of the needle. The sensor senses tissue density of tissue in contact with the tip as the needle passes through the tissue. Further, the sensor detects a change in tissue density as the tip passes from one tissue to a target tissue.

In-situ tissue analysis device and method

This paper describes a micromachined piezoelectric sensor, integrated into a cavity at the tip of a biopsy needle, and preliminary experiments to determine if such a device can be used for real-time tissue differentiation, which is needed for needle positioning guidance during fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. The sensor is fabricated from bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT), using a customized process in which micro electro-discharge machining is used to form a steel tool that is subsequently used for batch-mode ultrasonic micromachining of bulk PZT ceramic. The resulting sensor is 50 µm thick and 200 µm in diameter. It is placed in the biopsy needle cavity, against a steel diaphragm which is 300 µm diameter and has an average thickness of 23 µm. Devices were tested in materials that mimic the ultrasound characteristics of human tissue, used in the training of physicians, and with porcine fat and muscle tissue. In both schemes, the magnitude and frequency of an electrical impedance resonance peak showed tissue-specific characteristics as the needle was inserted. For example, in the porcine tissue, the impedance peak frequency changed ≈13 MHz from the initial 163 MHz, and the magnitude changed ≈1600 Ω from the initial 2100 Ω, as the needle moved from fat to muscle. Samples including oils and saline solution were tested for calibration, and an empirical tissue contrast model shows an approximately proportional relationship between measured frequency shift and sample acoustic impedance. These results suggest that the device can complement existing methods for guidance during biopsies.

/pdf/micromachined-bulk-pzt-tissue-contrast-sensor-for-fine-3vsgpnrx1q.pdf

Micromachined bulk PZT tissue contrast sensor for fine needle aspiration biopsy

https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~yogesh/pdfs/journalpublications/ADDR_DrugPump-Li-4-12.pdf

Compact, power-efficient architectures using microvalves and microsensors, for intrathecal, insulin, and other drug delivery systems

This paper reports a method for integrating and micromachining spherical structures made from materials such as fused quartz that are not amenable to melting or reflow. The 3D-SOULE process combines batch-mode micro ultrasonic machining (µUSM), lapping, and micro electro-discharge machining (µEDM) for creating spherical structures. Micro electro discharge machining is used for creating the stainless steel tool, which is then used for µUSM of the glass spheres. Stainless steel 440 which provides tool wear &#60;5% is used for µUSM. A machining rate of 24 µm/sec is achieved for fabrication of concave and mushroom-shaped spherical structures from 1 mm-diameter glass spheres.

3D-soule: A fabrication process for large scale integration and micromachining of spherical structures

This paper describes two platforms for autonomous sensing microsystems that are intended for deployment in chemically corrosive environments at elevated temperatures and pressures. Following the deployment period, the microsystems are retrieved, recharged, and interrogated wirelessly at close proximity. The first platform is the Michigan Micro Mote for High Temperature (M3HT), a chip stack 2.9 × 1.1 × 1.5 mm3 in size. It uses RF communications to support pre-deployment and post-retrieval functions, and it uses customized electronics to achieve ultralow power consumption, permitting the use of a chip-scale battery. The second platform is the Environmental Logging Microsystem (ELM). This system, which is 6.5 × 6.3 × 4.5 mm3 in size, uses the smallest suitable off-the-shelf electronic and battery components that are compatible with assembly on a flexible printed circuit board. Data are stored in non-volatile memory, permitting retrieval even after total power loss. Pre-deployment and post-retrieval functions are supported by optical communication. Two types of encapsulation methods are used to withstand high pressure and corrosive environments: an epoxy filled volume is used for the M3HT, and a hollow stainless-steel shell with a sapphire lid is used for both the M3HT and ELM. The encapsulated systems were successfully tested at temperature and pressure reaching 150 °C and 10,000 psi, in environments of concentrated brine, oil, and cement slurry. At elevated temperatures, the limited lifetimes of available batteries constrain the active deployment period to several hours.

Autonomous Microsystems for Downhole Applications: Design Challenges, Current State, and Initial Test Results.

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