Basic studies in system science explore the theories, principles, and properties of abstract and concrete systems as well as their applications in system engineering. Systems are the most complicated entities and phenomena in abstract, physical, information, cognitive, brain, and social worlds across a wide range of science and engineering disciplines. The mathematical model of a general system is embodied as a hyperstructure of the abstract system. The theoretical framework of system science is formally described by a set of algebraic operations on abstract systems known as system algebra. A set of abstract structures, properties, behaviors, and principles is rigorously formalized in contemporary system theories. Applications of the formal theories of system science in system engineering, intelligent engineering, cognitive informatics, cognitive robotics, software engineering, cognitive linguistics, and cognitive computing are demonstrated, which reveals how system structural and behavioral complexities may be efficiently reduced in system representation, modeling, analysis, synthesis, inference, and implementation.

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Towards the abstract system theory of system science for cognitive and intelligent systems

Graphs are one of the most fundamental and widely used non-linear hierarchical structures of linked nodes. Problems in sciences and engineering can be formulated and solved by the graph model. This paper develops a comprehensive design pattern of formal digraphs using the Doubly-Linked List DLL architecture. The most complicated form of graphs known as the weighted digraph is selected as a general graph model, based on it simple graphs such as nondirected and/or nonweighted ones can be easily derived and tailored. A rigorous denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra RTPA, is adopted, which allows both architectural and behavioral models of digraphs to be rigorously designed and implemented in a top-down approach. The architectural models of digraphs are created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies known as the Unified Data Models UDMs. The physical model of digraphs is implemented using nodes of DLL dynamically created in the memory. The behavioral models of digraphs are specified and refined by a set of 18 Unified Process Models UPMs in three categories namely the management operations, traversal operations, and node manipulation operations. This work has been applied in a number of real-time and nonreal-time system designs and specifications such as a Real-Time Operating System RTOS+, graph-based and tree-based applications, and the ADT library for an RTPA-based automatic code generation tool.

The Formal Design Models of Digraph Architectures and Behaviors

Robot is an autonomous system that integrates advances AI technologies. This paper deals with the adaptive path planning and optimization problems for robots in dynamic environments. We propose a novel route planning method based on the maze representation of workplace layouts. We generate a universal path tree by a path optimization algorithm. Then, any given entrances and exits of target nodes can be reduced to a deterministic path searching problem. Our method can quickly determine the optimal path between any pair of entrance/exit nodes. The maze-based method provides an efficient and robust route planning solution for robots in real-time and dynamic workplaces. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the method beyond traditional heuristic technologies.

Dynamic Path Optimization for Robot Route Planning

The Telephone Switching Systems TSS is a typical real-time system that is highly complicated in design and implementation. In order to deal with the extreme complexity in real-world settings, a suitable and efficient mathematical means is required beyond any programming language. To this purpose, an efficient and precise denotational mathematics known as the Real-Time Process Algebra RTPA and the RTPA methodology for system modeling are introduced. Empirical experimental results are reported in this paper on the implementation of TSS based on formal models of the system in RTPA. Three phases of experiments are designed on TSS conceptual modeling, system interface design, and programming implementation and testing. All groups in the experiments with 7 to 8 members have been able to efficiently understood, design, and implement the TSS system in a simplified version in four weeks, which has been estimated as a 10+ person-year project in the industry. The efficiency and expressiveness of RTPA are empirically demonstrated base on the case studies in the experiments.

Seamless Implementation of a Telephone Switching System Based on Formal Specifications in RTPA

Organization-oriented multi-agent system (OOMAS) points out organizational behaviors for self-organization. Existing development methods of organizational behaviors depend on preestablished organization structures during the development phase. For this reason, OOMASs are inefficient for simulation of large-scale cliques of attackers in cyber. To solve this issues, we propose an specification language organizational behaviors to support reorganization from bottom-up way during the application phase. Based on theory of abstract data type (ADT), the behavioral functions are defined to support type description of organizational behaviors. We present abstract syntax of organizational behaviors for specification language. We explore the homomorphism and isomorphism between behavioral algebras for organizational behaviors to preserve relevances between them.

An algebraic specification language for organizational behavior of OOMAS

Trees are one of the most fundamental and widely used non-linear hierarchical structures of linked nodes. A binary tree B-Tree is a typical balanced tree where the fan-out of each node is at most t...

The Formal Design Models of Tree Architectures and Behaviors

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The Formal Design Models of Tree Architectures and Behaviors