Methylammonium Chloride Induces Intermediate Phase Stabilization for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Hybrid halide perovskites have become the “next big thing” in emerging semiconductor materials, as the past decade witnessed their successful application in high-performance photovoltaics. This resurgence has encompassed enormous and widespread development of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, spearheaded by CH3NH3PbI3. The next generation of halide perovskites, however, is characterized by reduced dimensionality perovskites, emphasizing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite derivatives which expand the field into a more diverse subgroup of semiconducting hybrids that possesses even higher tunability and excellent photophysical properties. In this Perspective, we begin with a historical flashback to early reports before the “perovskite fever”, and we follow this original work to its fruition in the present day, where 2D halide perovskites are in the spotlight of current research, offering characteristics desirable in high-performance optoelectronics. We approach the evolution of 2D halide perovskites f...

Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Principles and Promises.

Perovskite photovoltaic cells have seen a remarkable rise in power conversion efficiencies over a period of only a few years. Much of this performance is underpinned by the favorable charge-carrier mobilities in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), which are remarkably high for materials with such facile and versatile processing routes. This Perspective outlines the mechanisms that set a fundamental upper limit to charge-carrier mobility values in MHPs and reveals how they may be tuned through changes in stoichiometry. In addition, extrinsic effects such as grain size, energetic disorder, and self-doping are discussed for specific MHPs in the context of remedies designed to avoid them.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00276

Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Mechanisms and Limits

Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjug...

Organic Optoelectronic Materials: Mechanisms and Applications

Solar cells employing a halide perovskite with an organic cation now show power conversion efficiency of up to 22%. However, these cells are facing issues towards commercialization, such as the need to achieve long-term stability and the development of a manufacturing method for the reproducible fabrication of high-performance devices. Here, we propose a strategy to obtain stable and commercially viable perovskite solar cells. A reproducible manufacturing method is suggested, as well as routes to manage grain boundaries and interfacial charge transport. Electroluminescence is regarded as a metric to gauge theoretical efficiency. We highlight how optimizing the design of device architectures is important not only for achieving high efficiency but also for hysteresis-free and stable performance. We argue that reliable device characterization is needed to ensure the advance of this technology towards practical applications. We believe that perovskite-based devices can be competitive with silicon solar modules, and discuss issues related to the safe management of toxic material. Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a potential low-cost alternative to existing technologies. In this Perspective, Park et al. explore a strategy for the commercialisation of perovskite solar cells.

Towards stable and commercially available perovskite solar cells

Continuous-wave (CW) lasing is still difficult to realize in organic laser dyes, one reason being the thermal degradation caused by intense photoexcitation. A decrease in laser threshold suppresses...

Markedly Improved Performance of Optically Pumped Organic Lasers with Two-Dimensional Distributed-Feedback Gratings

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Markedly Improved Performance of Optically Pumped Organic Lasers with Two-Dimensional Distributed-Feedback Gratings