Multi-wall carbon nanotube networks as potential resistive gas sensors for organic vapor detection

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were prepared by two frequently-used approaches, melt and solution mixing. The dispersion state of MWCNTs in the PVDF matrix was evaluated by rheological properties and confirmed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images. It was found that the dispersion state of MWCNTs was dependent not only on the concentration of MWCNTs but also the mixing method. Specifically, solution mixing led to a much better dispersion of MWCNTs than melt mixing at low concentrations of MWCNTs (less than 5 wt.%), while the situation was reversed at higher concentrations. The dispersion mechanisms of MWCNTs for the two mixing methods were also discussed.

A comparison of melt and solution mixing on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix

Because of their unique stacked, cup-shaped, hollow compartments, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs) have promising potential as nanoscale containers. Individual NCNCs are isolated from their stacked structure through acid oxidation and subsequent probe-tip sonication. The NCNCs are then effectively corked with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by sodium citrate reduction with chloroauric acid, forming graphitic nanocapsules with significant surface-enhanced Raman signature. Mechanistically, the growth of the GNP corks starts from the nucleation and welding of gold seeds on the open rims of NCNCs enriched with nitrogen functionalities, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations. A potent oxidizing enzyme of neutrophils, myeloperoxidase (MPO), can effectively open the corked NCNCs through GNP detachment, with subsequent complete enzymatic degradation of the graphitic shells. This controlled opening and degradation was further carried out in vitro with human neutrophils. Furthermore, the GNP-corked NCNCs were demonstrated to function as novel drug delivery carriers, capable of effective (i) delivery of paclitaxel to tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), (ii) MPO-regulated release, and (iii) blockade of MDSC immunosuppressive potential.

Nano-gold corking and enzymatic uncorking of carbon nanotube cups.

Physical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites with special reference to electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness

Graphene unrolled from ‘cup-stacked’ carbon nanotubes

A simple route to short cup-stacked carbon nanotubes by sonication

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A simple route to short cup-stacked carbon nanotubes by sonication