Studies suggest that at least four stages of regional-scale tectonic and magmatic events have taken place in the South China block,namely,geodynamic processes of Neoproterozoic and Late Mesozoic active continental margins,Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic intracontinental orogenies.The Cathaysia block was a pre-Nanhua basement consisting mainly of Neoproterozoic rocks instead of a stable old land.It experienced a complex evolution from assembly through break-up to re-assembly.The intracontinental shortening during Silurian led to the stabilization of the united South China continent.The entire South China Block was under a shore-shallow sea-slope setting,with no translithospheric fault,no regional-scale volcanism and mantle-derived magmatism in the period from Sinian to Jurassic,during which polyphase tectonic and magmatic events occurred in the united South China lithosphere.It evolved into a part of the Late Mesozoic Western Pacific active continental margin after the Early-Middle Jurassic transformation from Tethysian to Pacific tectonic regimes.The South China lithosphere experienced polyphase continental growth due to the dominant lateral accretion of block assembly accompanied by vertical growth of magma up-swarming.During the Cretaceous,the South China basin and range tectonics occurred in the western shore of the Pacific Ocean due to strong intracontinental extension caused by the northwestward subduction of the Pacific Ocean.Long-term intraplate tectonism and polystage granitic magmatism provided South China with a favorable condition of metallization,forming various large-size ore deposits and resources.Neoproterozoic Nanhua Period and Early Cretaceous were two dominant stages of metallization,with various types of ore deposits being chiefly formed in the Early Cretaceous period.

An analysis of principal features of tectonic evolution in South China Block

From the formation of Rodinia at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to the commencement of Pangea breakup at the end of the Paleozoic, the South China craton fi rst formed and then occupied a position adjacent to Western Australia and northern India. Early Neoproterozoic suprasubduction zone magmatic arc-backarc assemblages in the craton range in age from ca. 1000 Ma to 820 Ma and display a sequential northwest decrease in age. These relations suggest formation and closure of arc systems through southeast-directed subduction, resulting in progressive northwestward accretion onto the periphery of an already assembled Rodinia. Siliciclastic units within an early Paleozoic succession that transgresses across the craton were derived from the southeast and include detritus from beyond the current limits of the craton. Detrital zircon age spectra require an East Gondwana source and are very similar to the Tethyan Himalaya and younger Paleozoic successions from Western Australia, suggesting derivation from a common source and by inference accumulation in linked basins along the northern margin of Gondwana, a situation that continued until rifting and breakup of the craton in the late Paleozoic.

Locating South China in Rodinia and Gondwana: A fragment of Greater India Lithosphere? (Invited)

Germanium enrichment in sphalerite with acicular and euhedral textures: an example from the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

Author(s): Park, Y; Swanson-Hysell, NL; Xian, H; Zhang, S; Condon, DJ; Fu, H; Macdonald, FA | Abstract: The Tonian supercontinent Rodinia is hypothesized to have included almost all Proterozoic continental blocks. Competing models variably place South China at the core or periphery of Rodinia or separated from it entirely. Tonian paleogeographic models also vary in whether they incorporate hypothesized large and rapid oscillatory true polar wander associated with the ca. 810–795nMa Bitter Springs Stage. Here, we present paleomagnetic data paired with U-Pb chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry zircon geochronology from the Tonian Xiajiang Group in South China to establish the craton's position and test the Bitter Springs Stage true polar wander hypothesis. Fine-grained siliciclastic sediments and ashes of the Xiajiang Group post-date the Jiangnan Orogeny, which united the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. A U-Pb zircon date of 815.73n±n0.18nMa from a tuff near the base of the Xiajiang Group constrains the Jiangnan Orogeny to have ended between ca. 830 and 816nMa. The paleomagnetic and geochronologic data constrain South China to high latitudes ca. 813nMa and indicate a relatively stable high-latitude position from ca. 821 to 805nMa. These high-latitude constraints either connect the craton to Rodinia along its periphery or disconnect it from the supercontinent entirely. The difference in pole position between the pre-Bitter Springs Stage Xiajiang Group pole and the syn-Bitter Springs Stage Madiyi Formation pole is significantly less than that predicted for the Bitter Springs Stage true polar wander hypothesis. If this pole difference is interpreted as true polar wander superimposed upon differential plate motion, it requires South China to have been separate from Rodinia.

A Consistently High-Latitude South China From 820 to 780 Ma: Implications for Exclusion From Rodinia and the Feasibility of Large-Scale True Polar Wander

The Neoproterozoic Tonian strata (ca. 870–725 Ma) in the western Jiangnan Orogen archive the records of sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting which can be used to understand the geological evolution of the South China Continent. These strata are separated into the basement and cover sequences by a regional angular unconformity. The basement sequence can be subdivided into the lower and the upper parts by the widespread interbedded ca. 840 Ma basalt with pillow structure. In the present work, 234 concordant detrital zircon analyses are obtained from three Tonian sandstone samples in the Fanjingshan district, Guizhou Province. Combined with previous results, a total of 1736 analyses of detrital zircon U-Pb ages derived from 12 formations of Tonian strata in the western Jiangnan Orogen are used to decipher the integrated sedimentary and tectonic histories. The zircons from the lowermost part of the basement sequence (the Yujiagou Formation) show oval morphology and display two Paleoproterozoic age peaks at 2325 Ma and 1845 Ma which are similar with the detrital zircon age peaks from the Late Paleoproterozoic to Early Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan/Dahongshan/Hekou groups, suggesting a passive margin basin in which the sediments were mainly sourced from the southwestern Yangtze Block. However, the zircon age population of the lower part of the basement sequence (the Xiaojiahe, Huixiangping formations and their equivalents) indicates the sedimentary derivation from bidirectional sources (the ca. 870 Ma arc materials in the south and the old detritus from the southwestern Yangtze Block) which is consistent with a back arc setting for the deposition of the sediments. Zircons from the upper part of the basement sequence (the Duyantang Formation and its equivalent) show euhedral and subangular morphology and display a unimodal age peak at ca. 835 Ma. This sequence was possibly deposited in a convergent setting and the detritus were came from the locally distributed syn-collisional igneous rocks. The lower part of the cover sequence (the Xinzhai and Wuye formations and their equivalents) shows a distinct zircon age peak at 815–809 Ma and two subordinate peaks at 2485 Ma and 2018 Ma, suggesting that the basin had gradually transformed into a continental rift basin and received the detritus from the ca. 815 Ma post-collisional magmatic rocks as well as from different Paleoproterozoic source rocks in the northern Yangtze Block. We propose a tectonic evolution model that envisages eruption of ca. 840 Ma basalt in a back arc basin that existed during ca. 870–835 Ma, an angular unconformity was formed during amalgamation of the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block at ca. 835–820 Ma and the rifting of the South China Continent was initiated at ca. 800 Ma. Our study concludes that the South China Continent was formed on the periphery of the Rodinia supercontinent.

Provenance and tectonic setting transition as recorded in the Neoproterozoic strata, western Jiangnan Orogen: Implications for South China within Rodinia

The provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower Devonian sandstone of the Danlin Formation in southeast Yangtze Plate, with implications for the Wuyi-Yunkai orogeny in South China Block

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Provenance and tectonic setting transition as recorded in the Neoproterozoic strata, western Jiangnan Orogen: Implications for South China within Rodinia

The provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower Devonian sandstone of the Danlin Formation in southeast Yangtze Plate, with implications for the Wuyi-Yunkai orogeny in South China Block