Svaneti and Racha-Lechkumi are historical provinces of Georgia, located on the south-facing macro-slope of the western part of the Greater Caucasus. Svaneti has always been one of the more accessible mountain regions of Georgia, and recently winter tourism has experienced a boom. However, surprisingly few studies on the plant use of its inhabitants exist. In this study we documented traditional plant use in Svvaneti and Racha-Lechkhumi, and hypothesized that (1) plant use knowledge in general would be higher in isolated high elevation communities, and that (2) use of home gardens would be much more restricted to lower elevation settings. Fieldwork was conducted in Svaneti and Racha July-August 2014 in 17 communities. Interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 63 participants. We encountered 203 plant species belonging to 144 genera of 65 families being used in the research region. Of these, 99 species were exclusively wild-collected, 73 were grown in home-gardens, and 35 were both grown in home-gardens and collected in the wild. Plants and their uses mostly overlapped among the four areas within the region, with a slightly wider divergence in uses than in plants. The environmental fit analysis showed that a large degree of this variation was explained by differences among informant communities. The elevation of the informant community significantly fit the ordination in plant-space and explained a large degree of the variation in plant species reported but not in use-space. Gender was not significant in plant-space or use-space.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/medicinal-and-food-plants-of-svaneti-and-lechkhumi-sakartvelorepublic-of-georgia-caucasus-2167-0412-1000266.pdf

Medicinal and Food Plants of Svaneti and Lechkhumi, Sakartvelo(Republic of Georgia), Caucasus

In this study, we documented traditional plant use in Tusheti, Khevsureti, and Pshavi and hypothesized that (i) plant use knowledge in general would be higher in isolated high elevation communities, and that (ii) use of home gardens would be much more restricted to lower elevation settings. Fieldwork was conducted in Khevsureti, Pshavi, and Tusheti. Interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 74 participants. In the present study, we encountered 317 plant species belonging to 203 genera of 80 families being used in the research region. Of these, 197 species were exclusively wild-harvested, 73 were grown in homegardens, and 47 were both grown in gardens and sourced in the wild. The ordinations in plant-space and in use-space were significantly fit by elevation of informant community, and community itself. Age and gender did not significantly fit the distribution of informants across either plant-space or use-space, respectively. Number of use-reports was highest across all communities in the food and medicinal use-categories, and informant consensus. Species with especially high use-diversity (UD) tended to be woody species although. Species with high use-value (UV) were mostly managed/domesticated species from home orchards, gardens, or farms. Plant species, and uses, found in our study, showed clear relations to the wider Eurasian cultural complex. The species number found was, however, far higher than in any published study from either the region or the wiser Mediterranean and Eurasia. The maintenance of home gardens in Georgia serves as socio-ecological memory. While the great variety of plant species used in the Georgian Caucasus might provide a reservoir for food security climate change is starting to affect both natural floristic diversity and gardens both in the Caucasus as well as continent wide.

/pdf/plant-and-fungal-use-in-tusheti-khevsureti-and-pshavi-53ubfz1axm.pdf

Plant and fungal use in Tusheti, Khevsureti, and Pshavi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus

Antioxidant potentials and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three endemic Centaurea L. species

Chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts of Achillea species and their biological activities: A review.

Green and efficient extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Equisetum palustre L. by deep eutectic solvents-based negative pressure cavitation method combined with macroporous resin enrichment

Studies on Genus Urtica in Turkey (2). : Discrimination of Commercial Herb Drugs of Urtica in the Middle East.

Two hundred and one folk remedies of West Anatolia derived from 91 plant species in 40 families and 2 animal species are presented, each with vernacular names, method of preparation of drugs and traditional uses.

Traditional Medicine in Turkey IV. Folk medicine in West Anatoria : Afyno, Kutahya, Denizli, Mugla, Aydin Provinces.

Genistein, pinocembrin, prunetin, 6-prenylnaringenin, licoflavanone and wighteone were isolated from the leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra collected on the west coast of Anatolia, whereas lupiwighteone was found only in the leaves of G. glabra growing in middle or east Anatolia. The G. glabra plants growing in different areas of Turkey could be classified into two types according to the occurrence of lupiwighteone in the leaf.

Flavonoid variation in the leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra.

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Studies on Genus Urtica in Turkey (2). : Discrimination of Commercial Herb Drugs of Urtica in the Middle East.

Traditional Medicine in Turkey IV. Folk medicine in West Anatoria : Afyno, Kutahya, Denizli, Mugla, Aydin Provinces.

Flavonoid variation in the leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra.