Distinctive roles of graphene oxide, ZnO quantum dots, and their nanohybrids in anti-corrosion and anti-fouling performance of waterborne epoxy coatings

Graphene, which is made up of single-layer sp2 graphite, has stimulated the interest of researchers in a variety of application fields, including electronics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, due to its superior properties. Large-scale production of graphene is essential for the material to be viable and widely used. One of the most efficient methods of accomplishing a huge amount at a reasonable cost is to exfoliate graphite to produce graphene. The purpose of this paper is to analyze several exfoliation procedures based on a common mechanical and chemical mechanism, because a detailed analysis of the exfoliation phenomenon can lead to valuable insights about how to generate high-quality graphene more economically by optimizing exfoliation approaches. In this study, the focus is given on the extensively employed mechanical exfoliation, such as micromechanical cleavage method, sonication method, ball milling method, and fluid mechanics method and chemical exfoliation, such as chemical vapor deposition and chemical method. This study will also focus on the chemical functionalization of graphene, such as covalent functionalization and non-covalent functionalization. This review will give a deep knowledge about graphite exfoliation and functionalization phenomenon, which will guide in the right way for commercial bulk graphene synthesis with less defects.

Recent advances of the graphite exfoliation processes and structural modification of graphene: a review

The field of engineering is witnessing an increasing number of applications for intelligent electromagnetic nano-coatings. These recent advancements serve as the impetus for an investigation into a theoretical and computational study of an unsteady electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) incompressible two-dimensional tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid boundary layer coating flow external to a two-dimensional porous wedge geometry adjacent to a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Both aligned electrical and transverse magnetic field effects are included. The effects of zeta-potential and surface injection/suction are included. The ternary composite nanofluid comprises three nanoparticles (Al2O3,TiO2 and SiO2) with aqueous base fluid (H2O). The governing conservation partial differential equations for continuity and momentum and associated boundary conditions at the wedge surface and free stream are transformed with appropriate similarity variables. The emerging ordinary differential nonlinear boundary value problem is numerically solved in MATLAB. Validation with earlier studies is included. A significant deceleration is induced in the flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid with an increase in the electric field parameter. An increment in Falkner-Skan power-law constant (moving wedge angle parameter) boosts the local skin friction coefficient for both the ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) and unitary Al2O3nanofluid (UNF) cases. Both electroosmosis and electric field parameters improve the velocity distribution for both THNF and UNF flow cases. The flow is boosted with an increase in the power-law rheological characteristic, which ranges from shear-thinning n < 1 to shear-thickening n > 1. The flow is accelerated by increasing the Darcy number, whereas it is retarded by increasing the Forchheimer number (which measures non-Darcy inertial drag) or the Weissenberg number (thicker momentum boundary layers). Greater values of the wedge surface injection parameter cause the flow to accelerate and the momentum boundary layer thickness to diminish, whereas surface suction produces the opposite effect. Electric potential magnitudes increase with an increase in the zeta potential parameter, whereas an increase in the electroosmosis parameter has the opposite effect, reducing the electric potential magnitudes. 

Computation of EMHD ternary hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a wedge embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium with zeta potential and wall suction/injection effects

The main purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview on the preparation of multifunctional epoxies, with improved antimicrobial activity and enhanced mechanical properties through nanomodification. In the first section, we focus on the approaches to achieve antimicrobial activity, as well as on the methods used to evaluate their efficacy against bacteria and fungi. Relevant application examples are also discussed, with particular reference to antifouling and anticorrosion coatings for marine environments, dental applications, antimicrobial fibers and fabrics, and others. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanical behaviors of nanomodified epoxies with improved antimicrobial properties, analyzing the typical damage mechanisms leading to the significant toughening effect of nanomodification. Some examples of mechanical properties of nanomodified polymers are provided. Eventually, the possibility of achieving, at the same time, antimicrobial and mechanical improvement capabilities by nanomodification with nanoclay is discussed, with reference to both nanomodified epoxies and glass/epoxy composite laminates. According to the literature, a nanomodified epoxy can successfully exhibit antibacterial properties, while increasing its fracture toughness, even though its tensile strength may decrease. As for laminates—obtaining antibacterial properties is not followed by improved interlaminar properties.

Improving the Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins via Nanomodification: An Overview.

Monitoring the curing processes of epoxy oligomers with partially substituted polyethoxymetallosiloxanes by IR spectroscopy and thermomechanical analysis

Rheological and antimicrobial properties of epoxy-based hybrid nanocoatings

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Rheological and antimicrobial properties of epoxy-based hybrid nanocoatings