The past couple of decades have witnessed global resurgence of herbal-based health care. As a result, the trade of raw drugs has surged globally. Accurate and fast scientific identification of the plant(s) is the key to success for the herbal drug industry. The conventional approach is to engage an expert taxonomist, who uses a mix of traditional and modern techniques for precise plant identification. However, for bulk identification at industrial scale, the process is protracted and time-consuming. DNA barcoding, on the other hand, offers an alternative and feasible taxonomic tool box for rapid and robust species identification. For the success of DNA barcode, the barcode loci must have sufficient information to differentiate unambiguously between closely related plant species and discover new cryptic species. For herbal plant identification, matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS, trnL-F, 5S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA have been used as successful DNA barcodes. Emerging advances in DNA barcoding coupled with next-generation sequencing and high-resolution melting curve analysis have paved the way for successful species-level resolution recovered from finished herbal products. Further, development of multilocus strategy and its application has provided new vistas to the DNA barcode-based plant identification for herbal drug industry. For successful and acceptable identification of herbal ingredients and a holistic quality control of the drug, DNA barcoding needs to work harmoniously with other components of the systems biology approach. We suggest that for effectively resolving authentication challenges associated with the herbal market, DNA barcoding must be used in conjunction with metabolomics along with need-based transcriptomics and proteomics.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pbi.12419

DNA barcoding: an efficient tool to overcome authentication challenges in the herbal market.

In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Many traditional medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter .The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among these 2500 species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a fairly large scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is called as botanical garden of the world .The current review focuses on herbal drug preparations and plants used in the treatment of different chronic dieses in the world. The use of Ayurvedic medicines is common in both adults and children and is increasing in many areas of the world. This paper will discuss the benefits with use of herbal medicines as Antipyretic, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic and Anti-cancerous activity.

Traditional indian herbal medicine used as antipyretic, antiulcer, anti-diabetic and anticancer: a review

Medicinal plants have had a crucial role in human culture and civilization. The rhizomes of the plant Nervilia aragoana were collected, washed, shade dried and powdered. Ethanol extract ether extract and methanol extract (from the marc of ether extract) were prepared by simple maceration process and soxhalation method. All the extracts were concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy for the identification of biochemical components present in the rhizome of N. aragoana. A wide range of fatty acids, heterocyclic compound which are having anti fungal anti inflammatory antibiotic activity, skin conditioning property were identified so that it can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE RHIZOMES OF Nervilia aragoana GAUD

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are a group of naturally occurring beneficial soil bacteria that colonize with the plant root system and promote growth by triggering the production of growth-regulating substances and facilitate the plants in the uptake of essential nutrients from the surrounding environments. Similarly, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi also enhanced the growth, water and nutrient uptake, and especially available phosphate through their specialized hyphae. In addition, PGPR and AM fungi are known to stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. For several years, they are commonly employed to increase the plant yield and productivity especially in agricultural practices. The medicinal and aromatic plants are gaining popularity worldwide due to high therapeutic properties with negligible toxic side effects. To fulfill the global demand and supply gap for medicinal and aromatic plants and their products, farmers are encouraged to cultivate these plants on a large scale. However, there is a need to understand and implement a better cultivation practices in order to improve the quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. In this regard, the utilization of PGPRs and AM fungi as biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers could be a promising approach to the development of medicinal and aromatic plants under the sustainable production system. The aim of this chapter is to describe the potentiality of PGPRs and AM fungi to improve growth and development of medicinal and aromatic plants and accumulation of secondary metabolites having high therapeutic worth and also pave a way in the development of new biotechnological products as biofertilizers.

/pdf/response-of-pgpr-and-am-fungi-toward-growth-and-secondary-3ts8ds2uaj.pdf

Response of PGPR and AM fungi toward growth and secondary metabolite production in medicinal and aromatic plants

The global consumption of plant-based cosmetics has shown spectacular growth in recent years because of rising consumer awareness regarding the long-term health benefits of natural ingredients. As the global demand for herbal cosmetics increases, there are ample opportunities for Sri Lanka as a tropical Asian country to expand its productions and global exports along with its unique biodiversity and inherited traditional knowledge. Therefore, the present review attempts to give an overview of the widely used medicinal plants in the global herbal cosmetic industry and strengths, challenges, and possible solutions for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry of Sri Lanka. Information was collected using electronic search (using Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, TEEAL, and Scopus) for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, industrial reports, market surveys, and library search for local books on ethnobotany. Important plant-derived ingredients used in the global herbal cosmetic industry are essential oils, colorants, oils, fats, and waxes. The traditional usage of 108 medicinal plant species (belonging to 58 families) in cosmetic treatments was identified from the local books of Sri Lanka. Of these, 49 plant species were reported as new ingredients for the herbal cosmetic industry. However, the lack of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys to identify the cosmetic potential plants, insufficient or absence of continuous supply of raw materials for production in line with the existing demand, the lack of quality control of raw materials and finished cosmetic products, improper systematic cultivation systems for medicinal plants, poor postharvest practices, and the lack of innovations are major challenges encountered in Sri Lanka for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry. In conclusion, addressing these vital knowledge gaps is a timely requirement of the country for the sustainable development of the herbal cosmetic industry in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, assembling of the multidisciplinary cooperation of botanists, chemists, toxicologists, researchers, and biologists is crucial to analyze the interesting functional properties, efficacy, and effectiveness of documented medicinal plants with cosmetic potential.

/pdf/global-perspective-of-plant-based-cosmetic-industry-and-dzrxi8ii.pdf

Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics

In the present article, an endeavor has been made to present an overview of the comparison of Indian traditional herbal medicine in the international market. This article intends to contribute to this knowledge by giving a survey of published data regarding the microbial contamination of herbal plants, by dealing with methodological aspects and by considering the influence of different commonly used pharmaceutical preparation techniques on the microbiological status of the products. It also highlights heavy metal poisoning of these herbal products and the need for India to follow the Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) guidelines. As herbal medicinal products are complex mixtures, which originate from biological sources, great efforts are necessary to guarantee a constant and adequate quality. By carefully selecting the plant material and a standardized manufacturing process, the pattern and concentration of constituents should be kept as constant as possible, as this is a prerequisite for reproducible therapeutic results. China has successfully overcome such difficulties by modernizing its traditional medicine profession with government-sponsored GAPs. The cultivation practices offer Standard Operating Procedures for use of fertilizers, irrigation systems and disease management allied with insects and pest prevention and cure. GAPs also establish standards for noxious and harmful contaminants like heavy metals, pesticide residues and microbes in plants. Key words: Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, herbal products, microbial loading, heavy metal poisoning, good agricultural practices, traditional drugs, complementary and alternative medicines

International market scenario of traditional Indian herbal drugs – India declining….

Waste management is one of the important factors which determine the health of an urban/rural area. Maintaining the surroundings clean and tidy in waste management becomes a tedious task for the government. To resolve this issue intelligent monitoring takes immediate effect on solid waste dust bins for making a green and safe environment. In this paper, a design of an intelligent smart-based waste management system (ISWM) with a predicted forecast is proposed. The proposed smart bin model uses ultrasonic, flame, gas, and accelerometer sensors these data is processed by the low power microcontroller called ESP-32. Initially, all the sensor data are processed by using ESP32 and statistical data is stored in the cloud. The proposed system consists of two parts the first step is a notification of the smart bin status to the user by the Global Internet of Things (GIoT) and secondly, smart bin sensor data is captured to form a dataset and the level of bin status in the dataset monitored and interpreted by using multivariate Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous (SARIMAX) model. The proposed SARIMAX model forecasts the abnormality of the sensor data immediately sends the notification to the concerned user. In this work, the bin management framework is designed to monitor solid waste at all times. This work promotes cleanliness and efficient management of resources. Our proposed model performance metrics such as RMSE and MAPE are 0.6145 and 3.20 respectively, which shows the forecasting values have fewer deviations when compared to the actual values.

Design and Development of GIOT based Intelligent Smart Waste Management and Predictive Modelling

A pillbox is one of the most common ways for older people to take their medication. However, this does not ensure that patients receive excessive or inappropriate doses. In this proposed work, a system for automatically giving patients the information they require for taking their prescriptions correctly and at the correct times. Here, RFID technology is used to provide patients with their identification. The pillbox has three different types of tablets inside for headaches, fevers, and diarrhea. Patients have trouble with any of the diseases they will pick caused infections in the asking question and place the Figure in the heartbeat sensor, which measures your heartbeat and temperature. These are all updated in the thingspeak IoT cloud. After updating the values servo motor turns on, and the pill is lifted. It has become increasingly important in the modern day to provide care for the elderly and individuals with diminished health. The proposed medicine dispenser proves that has less time complexity and making the patient self-dependent on contrary situations.

Design and Implementation of IoT-based Programmable Assistive Intelligent Adaptive Pillbox

“ Multi Drug Medication of Selenium Nanoparticles for Future Perspectives

The purpose of this work is to design a suitable and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing Selenium NPs from aqueous flower extract of Cassica Auriculata ([email protected]) and to assess the extract for anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic behaviour. The [email protected] nanoparticles were characterised using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Atomic microscopy analysis (AFM). The findings revealed that the synthesised selenium nanoparticles were globular and nanoscale in size. The particles have elevated amounts of a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory effects, according to the invitro antidiabetic functions research. Furthermore, it had higher antioxidant activity and lower cytotoxicity. The green synthesised selenium nanoparticles were proved to be a promising phyto-medicine for the diabetes mellitus. 

A crucial role of selenium nanoparticles for future perspectives

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