https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/20604/1/FullText.pdf

Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance

We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLD experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, $\MZ$ and $\GZ$, and its couplings to fermions, for example the $\rho$ parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle, are precisely measured. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840+/-0.0082. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. Electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its Standard Model expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the masses of the top quark and the W Boson are predicted. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. Using in addition the direct measurements of $\Mt$ and $\MW$, the mass of the as yet unobserved Standard Model Higgs boson is predicted.

Precision Electroweak Measurements on the Z Resonance

We present a measurement of the b-quark inclusive fragmentation function in ${Z}^{0}$ decays using a novel kinematic B-hadron energy reconstruction technique. The measurement was performed using 350 000 hadronic ${Z}^{0}$ events recorded in the SLD experiment at SLAC between 1997 and 1998. The small and stable SLC beam spot and the charge-coupled-device--based vertex detector were used to reconstruct B-decay vertices with high efficiency and purity, and to provide precise measurements of the kinematic quantities used in this technique. We measured the B energy with good efficiency and resolution over the full kinematic range. We compared the scaled B-hadron energy distribution with models of b-quark fragmentation and with several ad hoc functional forms. A number of models and functions are excluded by the data. The average scaled energy of weakly decaying B hadrons was measured to be $〈{x}_{b}〉=0.709\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002(\mathrm{model}).$

Measurement of the b quark fragmentation function in Z0 decays

An NMOS device has been developed which provides high speed analog signal storage and readout for time expansion of transient signals. This device takes advantage of HMOS-1 VLSI technology to implement an array of 256 storage cells. Sequential samples of an input waveform can be taken every 5 ns while providing an effective sampling aperture time of less than 1 ns. The design signal-to-noise ratio is 1 part in 2000. Digital control circuitry is provided on the chip for controlling the read-in and read-out processes. A reference circuit is incorporated in the chip for first order compensation of leakage drifts, sampling pedestals, and temperature effects.

Microstore: The Stanford analog memory unit

We report for the first time on the performance of the Central Drift Chamber (CDC) of the Stanford Linear Collider Large Detector (SLD), which has been recording data since 1992. The low mass of the chamber and the use of a gas characterized by both a low drift velocity and low diffusion constant help to minimize the drift-distance measurement errors. We describe some of the calibrations and corrections applied to the data, and report on the resolutions achieved thus far. We measure an intrinsic drift resolution of 55-110 /spl mu/m in the region of uniform field. Analysis of the full drift-pulse waveform allows for efficient double-hit resolution of about 1 mm. Momentum resolution is characterized by the formula (dp/sub t//p/sub t//sup 2/)/sup 2/=0.0050/sup 2/+(0.010/p/sub t/)/sup 2/, where p/sub t/ is expressed in units of GeV/c. Used in conjunction with the SLD vertex detector, the CDC permits measurements of impact parameters of high-momentum tracks to the level of 10 /spl mu/m in the r-/spl phi/ plane and 36 /spl mu/m in the r-z plane. A resolution of 6.4% is achieved in the measurement of dE/dx for the electrons in Bhabha scattering events. >

/pdf/performance-of-the-sld-central-drift-chamber-3mqgip69wb.pdf

Performance of the SLD Central Drift Chamber

We report for the first time on the performance of the SLD central drift chamber (CDC) at SLC, which has been recording data since 1992. The low mass of the chamber and the use of a slow, cool gas help to maximize the drift distance resolution. We describe some of the calibrations and corrections applied to the data, and report on the resolutions achieved thus far. We measure an intrinsic drift resolution of 55-110 /spl mu/m in the region of uniform field. Analysis of the full drift-pulse waveform allows for efficient double-hit resolution of about 1 mm. Momentum resolution is characterized by the formula dp/sub t//p/sub t2/=/spl radic/(0.0050/sup 2/+(0.010/p/sub t/)/sup 2/). Used in conjunction with the SLD CCD-based vertex detector, the CDC permits measurements of impact parameters of di-muon events to the level of 10 /spl mu/m in the r-/spl phi/ plane and 36 /spl mu/m in the r-z plane. Even though the chamber is not optimized for particle identification, a resolution of 6% is achieved in the measurement of dE/dx in wide-angle Bhabha events. >

/pdf/performance-of-the-sld-central-drift-chamber-4jiz4vk6uu.pdf

Performance of the SLD central drift chamber

The authors report on the performance of the front-end analog and digital signal processing electronics for the drift chambers of the Stanford Large Detector (SLD) at the Standard Linear Collider. The electronics mounted on printed circuit boards include up to 64 channels of transimpedance amplification, analog sampling, analog-to-digital conversion, and associated control circuitry. Measurements of the time resolution, gain, noise, linearity, crosstalk, and stability of the readout electronics are described and presented. Performance tests of the front-end signal processing electronics for the drift chambers indicate that the primary design goals of good timing resolution and good charge division resolution have been achieved. For large signals, the timing resolution is 2.6 ns and is dominated by the inherent resolution of the sampling frequency. The good signal-to-noise ratio and the fast risetime of the amplifier should prevent any loss of timing resolution due to the electronics. >

/pdf/performance-of-the-front-end-signal-processing-electronics-19ebx5nsn2.pdf

Performance of the front-end signal processing electronics for the drift chambers of the Stanford Large Detector

The central drift chamber (CDC) of the Stanford Linear Collider Large Detector (SLD) has been recording data since 1992. The low mass of the chamber and the use of a gas characterized by both a low drift velocity and low diffusion constant help to minimize multiple scattering and drift-distance measurement errors. We describe some of the calibrations and corrections applied to the data, and report on the resolutions achieved thus far. We measure an intrinsic drift resolution of 55–110 μm in the region of uniform field. Analysis of the full drift-pulse waveform allows for efficient double-hit resolution of about 1 mm. Transverse momentum resolution is given by the formula ( σ(p t ) p t 2 ) 2 = 0.0050 2 + ( 0.010 p t ) 2 , where p t is in GeV/ c . Used in conjunction with the SLD vertex detector, the CDC permits measurements of impact parameters of high-momentum tracks to 10 μm in the r - φ plane and 36 μm in the r - z plane.

/pdf/performance-of-the-sld-central-drift-chamber-2dbas8qhmb.pdf

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Performance of the SLD Central Drift Chamber

Performance of the SLD central drift chamber

Performance of the front-end signal processing electronics for the drift chambers of the Stanford Large Detector

Performance of the SLD central drift chamber