Iron-phosphate glass fibres based on the CaO-Na2O-Fe2O3-P2O5 system have been processed and characterised via thermal, XRPD, dissolution rates, diameter and biocompatibility studies. The compositions investigated were fixed at 50mol% P2O5, and the CaO content was varied between 30, 35 and 40mol%. The Fe2O3 was added in low amounts from 1-5mol%, substituting it for the Na2O mol%. The number of Tc (crystallisation temperature) peaks detected from the thermal analysis traces only showed correlation with XRPD analysis, for five out of the 15 compositions investigated. It has been suggested that either the crystalline phases had very similar Tc temperatures or that the other phase(s) were present in very small quantities. There was a good match seen with number of Tm (melting temperature) peaks picked up from the DTA traces, with the number of phases identified from XRPD analysis. The main phases identified from XRPD were NaCa(PO3)3, CaP2O6 and NaFeP2O7. Using network connectivity (NC), predictions on Qn species present within the compositions investigated were made. The predicted species (metaphosphates) matched with phases identified from XRPD analysis. A decrease in dissolution rates for the bulk glass and glass fibres was seen with an increase in CaO mol%, along with an increase in Fe2O3 mol%. An increase in fibre dissolution rates was seen with a decrease in diameter size. The biocompatibility studies were conducted using a conditionally immortal muscle precursor cell line derived from the H-2Kb-tsA58 immortomouse. It was found that iron-phosphate glass fibres containing 4-5mol% Fe2O3 was sufficient for cell attachment and differentiation. It was seen that myotubes formed along the axis of the fibres (which was indicative of differentiation). The biocompatibility of these compositions was attributed to the enhanced chemical durability of the glass fibres.

Processing, characterisation and biocompatibility of iron phosphate glass fibres for tissue engineering

Diseases or complications that are caused by bone tissue damage affect millions of patients every year. Orthopedic and dental implants have become important treatment options for replacing and repairing missing or damaged parts of bones and teeth. In order to use a material in the manufacture of implants, the material must meet several requirements, such as mechanical stability, elasticity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity. In the 1970s, a biocompatible glassy material called bioactive glass was discovered. At a later time, several glass materials with similar properties were developed. This material has a big potential to be used in formulating medical devices, but its fragility is an important disadvantage. The use of bioactive glasses in the form of coatings on metal substrates allows the combination of the mechanical hardness of the metal and the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass. In this review, an extensive study of the literature was conducted regarding the preparation methods of bioactive glass and the different techniques of coating on various substrates, such as stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys. Furthermore, the main doping agents that can be used to impart special properties to the bioactive glass coatings are described.

Bioactive Glass—An Extensive Study of the Preparation and Coating Methods

New solutions for combatting implant bacterial infection based on silver nano-dispersed and gallium incorporated phosphate bioactive glass sputtered films: A preliminary study.

ZnS is a wide band gap material which was proposed as a possible candidate to replace CdS as a buffer layer in solar cells. However, the structural and optical properties are influenced by the deposition method. ZnS thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering (MS), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and a combined deposition technique that uses the same bulk target for sputtering and PLD at the same time, named MSPLD. The compositional, structural, and optical properties of the as-deposited and annealed films were inferred from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectometry, Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. PLD leads to the best stoichiometric transfer from target to substrate, MS makes fully amorphous films, whereas MSPLD facilitates obtaining the densest films. The study reveals that the band gap is only slightly influenced by the deposition method, or by annealing, which is encouraging for photovoltaic applications. However, sulphur vacancies contribute to lowering the bandgap and therefore should be controlled. Moreover, the results add valuable information towards the understanding of ZnS polymorphism. The combined MSPLD method offers several advantages such as an increased deposition rate and the possibility to tune the optical properties of the obtained thin films.

The Effect of the Deposition Method on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnS Thin Films

New solutions for combatting implant bacterial infection based on silver nano-dispersed and gallium incorporated phosphate bioactive glass sputtered films: A preliminary study

Phosphate bioglass thin-films: Cross-area uniformity, structure and biological performance tailored by the simple modification of magnetron sputtering gas pressure

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Phosphate bioglass thin-films: Cross-area uniformity, structure and biological performance tailored by the simple modification of magnetron sputtering gas pressure