Tissue-specific synthesis of yolk proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans

6 – The Role of Juvenile Hormone in Reproduction

Publisher Summary The scent glands are epidermal glands and, as invaginations formed from epidermis, are lined with a cuticle continuous with that of body wall. There is wide variation in the details of scent gland structure and function among Heteroptera. This chapter reviews the nature of these details and their significance for physiological and ecological studies on Heteroptera. The scent glands consist of integument similar in basic structure to that forming the body wall. There are three basic layers; a relatively thin, extracellular, basal layer called basement membrane; a middle layer consisting of epithelial cells arranged as in a monolayer; a relatively thick, extracellular, apical layer—the gland lining cuticle or gland cuticular intima. Postulated functions include defense against predators; defense against microorganisms; and release of specific patterns of behavior. A protective role for the scent glands against small vertebrate and invertebrate predators has been established for coreid and pentatomid bugs. Corixid larvae similarly may be protected against the small predator Plea. Mechanisms of self-protection against the scent substances and comparisons between scent glands and other epidermal glands have been discussed.

The Scent Glands of Heteroptera

6 – Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fat Body

Reserves of respiratory fuels in insect flight muscles are usually only sufficient to meet energy requirements at the initiation of flight, and are too small to sustain prolonged flight activity. The flight muscles must thus take up fuels from the haemolymph. In locusts, the carbohydrate content of the haemolymph is greater than that stored in the tissues, but the opposite is true for the fat reserves (see Goldsworthy 1983). Hormones play an important role in coordinating the supply and utilisation of fuels during sustained flight in locusts, and this will be the major theme of this review.

The Endocrine Control of Flight Metabolism in Locusts

Vitellin and vitellogenin from locusts (Locusta migratoria). Properties and post-translational modification in the fat body.

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Vitellin and vitellogenin from locusts (Locusta migratoria). Properties and post-translational modification in the fat body.