Objectives: The study aim was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of Iraqi physicians regarding generic and locally manufactured medicines.
Methods: A total of 124 physicians were involved in this cross -sectional study. The convenience sample was collected from five public hospitals in Baghdad. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and collected in-person. Fisher's Exact Test was used to measure the association between physician years of experience, gender and categorical (perception and knowledge) variables.
Results: Most respondent answers regarding the knowledge of generic medicines were incorrect. Only up to one-third of the participants knew that generic medicines are therapeutically equivalent to brand name medicines (26.6%), as safe as brand name medicines (34.7%) and required to meet similar safety standards as brand name medicines (12.1%). With respect to perception, many physicians had negative perceptions about generic medicines such as viewing generic medicines as lower quality (57.3%) and cause more side effects (41.1%) compared to brand name medicines. Regarding physician attitudes toward generic medicines, about two-thirds (64.5%) of the physicians were willing to prescribe low cost medicines; however, only about half (51.6%) of the physicians reported they offer generic medicines to their patients. Finally, 64.5% of the participants were not comfortable with pharmacist replacing prescribed brand with generic medicines.
Conclusions: In general, Iraqi physicians have negative perceptions and attitudes about generic and locally manufactured medicines. Significant gaps were identified in the knowledge and perceptions among physicians regarding generic medicines especially in relation to efficacy and safety of generic medicines.
 
Article Type: Original Research

/pdf/knowledge-perception-and-attitude-regarding-generic-2vus3qf9wp.pdf

Knowledge, Perception and Attitude Regarding Generic Medicines among Iraqi Physicians.

Objective: This study focuses on application of phytoremediation technology in remediation of some pharmaceutical products like antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) and hormones (progesterone and estrogen). Methods: Cicer arientum is well studied and documented plant for phytoremediation of heavy metals, in specific. Here we tried to focus this potential of this plant for the pharmaceutical products by UV-VIS Spectrophotometric method in Hoagland-Arnon solution. Results: The results implies that Cicer arientum can be used for phytoremediation of pharmaceutical products with an average of 60% of the pollutant being  remediated. Conclusion: The percentage remediation of  pollutants are 60, 64.66 and 63.3 of Ciprofloxacin, progesterone and estrogen, respectively by Cicer arientum. Keywords: Antibiotics, hormones, Cicer arientum , UV spectrophometre , pharmaceutical products.

Phytoremediation of pharmaceutical products

Objective: The points of this exploration work were to decide the quantitative examination of bioactive mixes. Customarily, cutting edge meds rely on the phytochemicals got from the plant source in bigger extents. Numerous bioactive auxiliary metabolites have a positive metabolic reaction on different human diseases. Methods: In the present examination, Artemisia nilagirica, leaves were gathered, dried, powdered and put away in hermetically sealed compartments for quantitative investigation of phytochemicals according to standard strategies. Results: The methanolic leaf concentrate of enrolled 4.33 mg of alkaloids, 1.22 mg of saponins, 12.4 mg of tannins, 24.3 mg of glycosides, 10.2 mg terpenoids, 1.33 mg of coumarin, 59.4 mg of amino acids, 12.2 mg of fatty acids, 17.2 mg of flavonoids, 10.2 mg of phenols, and steroids in follows separately. Conclusion: The plant has a high helpful quality as far as an assortment of phytochemicals from leaf remove and had let to a sure level toward extraction and refinement of specific bioactive mixes for human nourishment. Keywords: Artemisia nilagirica, Secondary metabolites, Quantitative analysis, Leaf extract, Flavonoids.

/pdf/quantitative-analysis-of-bioactive-compounds-of-artemisia-1qiguvcl5f.pdf

Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds of artemisia nilagirica (clarke) pamp. leaf extract

A rapid, simple, and highly sensitive microfunnel magnetic stirring-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC was developed for determination of Riluzole (RLZ). The main extraction parameters were screened using the Plackett–Burman design and optimized by central composite design. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.2–400 ng mL−1, and RSD of 3.21% (n = 14, 20 ng mL−1) proved to have good reproducibility. The detection limit was 0.023 ng mL−1 and 1.5 ng mL−1 for aqueous and biological samples, respectively. The tap water, human plasma, and urine samples showed excellent recoveries for RLZ (97.09–101.92%) via this method.

Response surface methodology for optimization and determination of Riluzole by microfunnel magnetic stirring-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography

Several techniques have been proposed for treatment of spectrophotometric data, with the objective of extracting the largest amount of analytical information from spectra composed of unresolved bands. The instrumental development and analytical applications of UV regions absorption spectrophotometry produced in the last 10 y (since 2006) are reviewed. The methods were classified according to the spectra data used, including zero order absorption, derivative and ratio amplitudes. The proposed methods were applied to solve different complex pharmaceutical mixtures and the obtained results were accepted when compared to other reported methods.

/pdf/recent-development-in-ultraviolet-spectrophotometry-through-3z16fg9d76.pdf

Recent development in ultraviolet spectrophotometry through the last decade (2006-2016): a review

Objective: This study was designed to develop and validate a simple, rapid, and economical UV-spectrophotometric method using a solubilising agent for the estimation of Riluzole. Methods: In this study, a solution of 2% SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate) in PH 9.2 buffers was employed as the solubilising agent to solubilise a poorly water-soluble drug, Riluzole. In the UV-spectrophotometric method, Riluzole was estimated at 225 nm using solubilising agent. Results: Solubilising agent used did not interfere in spectrophotometric analysis of Riluzole. Riluzole followed linearity in the concentration range of 1-5 μg/ml with a coefficient correlation of 0.998. Conclusion: The developed method has shown to be linear (r2 = 0.9984), precise (%R. S. D of 0.87 and 0.84 at intra and inter day respectively), accurate (recovery of 100.37%) with limit of detection (0.54 µg/ ml) and limit of quantification of 1.64µg/ ml as per ICH guidelines.

QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF RILUZOLE USING SOLUBILIZING AGENT BY UV- SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Research Article

Objective : This study was designed to develop and validate a simple, rapid, and economical UV-spectrophotometric method using a solubilising agent for the estimation of Riluzole. Methods : In this study, a solution of 2% SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate) in PH 9.2 buffer was employed as the solubilising agent to solubilise a poorly water-soluble drug, Riluzole. In the UV-spectrophotometric method, Riluzole was estimated at 225 nm using solubilising agent. Results : Solubilising agent used did not interfere in spectrophotometric analysis of Riluzole. Riluzole followed linearity in the concentration range of 1-5 μg/ml with a coefficient correlation of 0.998. Conclusion : The developed method has shown to be linear (r2 = 0.9984), precise (%R. S. D of 0.87 and 0.84 at intra and inter day respectively), accurate (recovery of 100.37%) with limit of detection (0.54 µg/ ml) and limit of quantification of 1.64µg/ ml as per ICH guidelines. Keywords : Riluzole, UV Spectroscopy, SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate), PH 9.2 buffer.

Quantitative estimation of riluzole using solubilizing agent by uv-spectrophotometry

For the purposes of drug approval, the interchangeability of a generic drug and the corresponding brand-name drug is based on the criterion of “essential similarity,” in drug content, type of active principle and therapeutic effectiveness as the original drug. Simple, accurate, precise, sensitive UV and Visible spectrophotometric methods were used to compare drug content in generic drugs with their branded equivalents. Simvastatin, furosemide, Clopidogrel bisulphate, Losartan potassium and paracetemol were estimated for their drug content in generic and branded dosage forms. The amount of difference was expected and acceptable and the difference between generic to branded comparison was about the same as the brand to brand comparisons.

Comparing branded drugs to their generic equivalent s by spectrophotometric methods

A novel, rapid, sensitive, specific RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of meloxicam and paracetamol in bulk and its dosage form Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil ODS C18 (150mm * 46mm, 50μm) column containing UV-Visible detector with methanol and water as mobile phase in the ratio of 70:30 at a flow rate of 06ml/min and the eluent was monitored at 240nm Retention times were found to be 35min and 50min for meloxicam and paracetamol respectively Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies The developed method has shown to be linear (r2 = 0939 for Mlx and 0996 for Pct), precise (RSD < 2), accurate (recovery of 9926% for Mlx and 9496% for Pct) and specific with limit of detection (0102 for Pct and 0591 for Mlx) and limit of quantitation (0310 for Pct and 179 for Mlx) as per ICH guidelines

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for the Simultaneousestimation of Meloxicam and Paracetamol

A novel, rapid, sensitive, specific RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of meloxicam and paracetamol in bulk and its dosage form. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil ODS C18 (150mm * 4.6mm, 5.0µm) column containing UV-Visible detector with methanol and water as mobile phase in the ratio of 70:30 at a flow rate of 0.6ml/min and the eluent was monitored at 240nm. Retention times were found to be 3.5min and 5.0min for meloxicam and paracetamol respectively. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The developed method has shown to be linear (r 2 = 0.939 for Mlx and 0.996 for Pct), precise (R.S.D < 2), accurate (recovery of 99.26% for Mlx and 94.96% for Pct) and specific with limit of detection (0.102 for Pct and 0.591 for Mlx) and limit of quantitation (0.310 for Pct and 1.79 for Mlx) as per ICH guidelines.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for the Simultaneous estimation of Meloxicam and Paracetamol

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

T. Sunitha

Author Tools

Chat about Author