Bose-Einstein condensation in quantum magnets

Recent years have witnessed a staggering escalation in the power density of modern electronic devices. Because increasingly high power density accumulates heat, efficient heat removal has become a critical limitation for the performance, reliability, and further development of modern electronic devices. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely employed between the two solid contact surfaces of heat sources and heat sinks to increase heat removal for electric devices. Composites of graphene and matrix materials are expected to be the most promising TIMs because of the remarkable thermal conductivity of graphene. Here, the recent research on the thermal properties of graphene filled polymer composite TIMs is reviewed. First, the composition of graphene filled polymer composite TIMs is introduced. Then, the synthetic methods for graphene filled polymer composite TIMs are primarily described. This study focuses on introducing the methods for improving and characterizing the thermal properties of graphene filled polymer composite TIMs. Furthermore, the challenges facing graphene filled poly­mer composite TIMs for thermal management applications in the modern electronic industry and the further progress required in this field are discussed.

Thermal Properties of Graphene Filled Polymer Composite Thermal Interface Materials

Viscoelastic and fragmentation characters of model bolus from polysaccharide gels after instrumental mastication

The ground state of the quantum spin system κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu 2 (CN) 3 , in which antiferromagnetically interacting S =1/2 spins are located on a nearly equilateral triangular lattice, attracts con...

Microscopic Phase Separation in Triangular-Lattice Quantum Spin Magnet κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 Probed by Muon Spin Relaxation

Compared to other methods, the fabrication of SiC from precursors allows designing the microstructure and thus the properties of the ceramic material by adjusting the microstructure of the precursor materials. In this study, we used a divinylbenzene (DVB) isomer mixture to modify the polycarbosilane (PCS) precursor via the chemical modification method. The ceramics derived from the modified precursors showed different thermal conductivities. The SiC prepared from PCS without DVB exhibited a very low thermal conductivity at low and at high temperatures. A proper doping with DVB led to clean SiC grain boundaries, resulting in the typical thermal conductivity behaviour of coarse SiC ceramics. An excess doping with DVB led to the precipitation of free carbon around the SiC grains, resulting in a still suitable thermal conductivity which was between the other two values. The results clearly demonstrate that adjusting the thermal properties by modifying the microstructure is a promising approach.

Control of the thermal conductivity of SiC by modifying the polymer precursor

量子スピン系NH 4 CuCl 3 の3重項局在の 63/65 Cuおよび 35/37 Cl-NMR研究

Impurity-induced magnetic order in the mixture of two spin gap systems (CH3)2CHNH3CuCl3 and (CH3)2CHNH3CuBr3

The spin–lattice relaxation rate T 1 -1 of 1 H-NMR has been measured in (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 3 Cu(Cl x Br 1- x ) 3 with x =0.88, which is reportedly a gapped system with a singlet ground state from the previous macroscopic magnetization and specific heat measurements, in order to investigate the bond randomness effect microscopically in the gapped composite Haldane system (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 3 CuCl 3 . It was discovered that the spin–lattice relaxation rate T 1 -1 in the present system includes both fast and slow relaxation parts indicative of the gapless magnetic ground state and the gapped singlet ground state, respectively. We discuss the obtained results with the previous macroscopic magnetization and specific heat measurements together with the microscopic µSR experiments.

1H-NMR Study of the Random Bond Effect in the Quantum Spin System (CH3)2CHNH3Cu(ClxBr1-x)3

(CH3)2CHNH3CuCl3 is described as the spin ladder system, which is composed of a strong ferromagnetic rung and a weak antiferromagnetic leg. Since the ferromagnetic dimer behaves like S = 1 spin, this system can be treated as the S = 1 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet spin chain (so-called Haldane chain). Cl-NMR study under high-field up to 17.5T has been carried out in order to investigate the field-induced magnetic order in this system. In the lower field region below 10T, the signals from Cl-sites were observed as sharp NMR lines. These paramagnetic lines showed the split above HredN 12T (T = 1.85K), demonstrating the existence of the staggered field due to the field-induced magnetic order. Around HN, the resonance lines disappeared due to the critical slowing down when the applied magnetic field was perpendicular to the ladder, whereas they did not when the field was nearly parallel to the ladder. These results indicate that the spin dynamics around the field-induced magnetic order is anisotropic in this system.

Cl-NMR study on field-induced magnetic order in quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet (CH3)2CHNH3CuCl3

High-field magnetic torque measurement was carried out in the spin gap system (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 3 CuCl 3 . It was observed that the magnitude of the magnetic torque τ is almost zero until the critical field and then increases rapidly, which indicates the existence of magnetic quantum phase transition from the spin-gap phase to the field-induced magnetic ordered phase. From the temperature dependence of τ, a cusplike minimum indicative of the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons was observed for H ⊥ C -plane, while a kink anomaly was observed for H ⊥ A -plane at the field-induced transition temperature. It was found that this difference in behavior between H ⊥ A -plane and H ⊥ C -plane can be interpreted as the breaking of the magnon BEC picture due to a rotational symmetry breaking. An additional anomaly was also observed in the field-induced magnetic ordered phase at the intermediate angle of the applied magnetic field in the A -plane and discussed in terms of spin-flop transition, spin-reorientation...

High-field Magnetic Torque Measurements in the Spin Gap System (CH3)2CHNH3CuCl3

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