We report on an experiment conducted at the ESR storage ring aiming at the study of the X-ray emission of Xe ions colliding with Xe atoms at a beam energy of 50 MeV/u. The radiation resulting from the ion–atom interaction was observed using a high-resolution spectrometer based on metallic–magnetic calorimeter technology. In order to benchmark the capabilities of these detectors for high-precision atomic physics experiments, we identified several transitions from H-like and He-like xenon and determined their energies. Furthermore, the 1s-Lamb shift in Xe was estimated using the measured line energies. The results are compared with previous experimental studies and theoretical predictions.

High-resolution X-ray emission study for Xe54+ on Xe collisions

Abstract We report on an experiment conducted at the ESR storage ring aiming at the study of the X-ray emission of $$\text {Xe}^{54+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Xe</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>54</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions colliding with Xe atoms at a beam energy of 50 MeV/u. The radiation resulting from the ion–atom interaction was observed using a high-resolution spectrometer based on metallic–magnetic calorimeter technology. In order to benchmark the capabilities of these detectors for high-precision atomic physics experiments, we identified several transitions from H-like and He-like xenon and determined their energies. Furthermore, the 1 s -Lamb shift in $$\text {Xe}^{53+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Xe</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>53</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> was estimated using the measured line energies. The results are compared with previous experimental studies and theoretical predictions. Graphicalabstract 

/pdf/high-resolution-x-ray-emission-study-for-xe-54-on-xe-2rk94nof.pdf

High-resolution X-ray emission study for Xe$$^{54+}$$ on Xe collisions

The low-energy heavy ion storage ring CRYRING was transported from Stockholm to Darmstadt, modernized and reconfigured, and recommissioned as CRYRING@ESR. The machine is now in operation with all installations in service and is available as a user facility for experiments proposed through the SPARC collaboration. During the 2020–2022 period, we brought a number of experimental installations into service and used them to measure first data: the ultra-cold electron cooler for merged-beam electron–ion collisions, the gas jet target for atomic collisions, a next-generation microcalorimeter-based X-ray spectroscopy setup, and others. Ions can be injected either in low charge states from a local ion source through a 300 keV/u RFQ linac, or in high charge states from the GSI accelerator chain through ESR. This allows for very broad access to ions across the entire periodic table. CRYRING@ESR is able to de- or accelerate ions and cool and store beams of isotopically pure species in a desired charge state. While the analysis is still largely ongoing, the first experimental data already show that the machine reached its expected performance level, and our high expectations regarding achievable resolution in spectroscopy experiments have been fulfilled. With access to new classes of ions available through ESR injection and a new generation of experimental instrumentation, CRYRING@ESR is a unique facility for experiments with heavy, highly charged ions. Here, we will review our present setup and machine performance, discuss the data from our first commissioning experiments and briefly preview the upcoming new installations for the coming years.

/pdf/first-experiments-with-cryring-esr-1fqtel0b.pdf

First Experiments with CRYRING@ESR

X-ray emission as a result of radiative recombination (RR) at threshold energies in the electron cooler of CRYRING@ESR was investigated for decelerated bare lead ions at a beam energy of 10 MeV/u. The recorded spectra are dominated by characteristic transitions in Pb81+, namely, the Lyman, Balmer and Paschen series, as a result of decay cascades from high-n states that are preferentially populated by the RR processes. In addition, a rigorous theoretical model is applied for the interpretation of measured X-ray spectra, and shows good agreement.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/11/1/2/pdf?version=1672392405

Radiative Recombination Studies for Bare Lead Ions Interacting with Low-Energy Electrons

In this report, we compare two filter algorithms for extracting timing information using novel metallic magnetic calorimeter detectors, applied to the precision X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged ions in a storage ring. Accurate timing information is crucial when exploiting coincidence conditions for background suppression to obtain clean spectra. For X-rays emitted by charge-changing interactions between ions and a target, this is a well-established technique when relying on conventional semiconductor detectors that offer a good temporal resolution. However, until recently, such a coincidence scheme had never been realized with metallic magnetic calorimeters, which typically feature much longer signal rise times. In this report, we present optimized timing filter algorithms for this type of detector. Their application to experimental data recently obtained at the electron cooler of CRYRING@ESR at GSI, Darmstadt is discussed.

/pdf/exploitation-of-the-timing-capabilities-of-metallic-magnetic-1k4g5fts.pdf

Exploitation of the Timing Capabilities of Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters for a Coincidence Measurement Scheme

We report on the first integration of novel magnetic microcalorimeter detectors (MMCs), developed within SPARC (Stored Particles Atomic Physics Research Collaboration), into the experimental environment of storage rings at GSI 6 6 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64 291 Darmstadt., Darmstadt, namely at the electron cooler of CRYRING@ESR. Two of these detector systems were positioned at the 0° and 180° view ports of the cooler section to obtain high-resolution x-ray spectra originating from a stored beam of hydrogen-like uranium interacting with the cooler electrons. While previous test measurements with microcalorimeters at the accelerator facility of GSI were conducted in the mode of well-established stand-alone operation, for the present experiment we implemented several notable modifications to exploit the full potential of this type of detector for precision x-ray spectroscopy of stored heavy ions. Among these are a new readout system compatible with the multi branch system data acquisition platform of GSI, the synchronization of a quasi-continuous energy calibration with the operation cycle of the accelerator facility, as well as the first exploitation of the maXs detectors’ time resolution to apply coincidence conditions for the detection of photons and charge-changed ions. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64 291 Darmstadt.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1402-4896/ac93be/pdf

Integration of maXs-type microcalorimeter detectors for high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy into the experimental environment at the CRYRING@ESR electron cooler

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Integration of maXs-type microcalorimeter detectors for high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy into the experimental environment at the CRYRING@ESR electron cooler