Knowledge of the variations of the renal artery has grown in importance with increasing of renal transplants, vascular reconstructions and various surgical and radiologic techniques performing in recent years. We report the presence of unilateral doubled renal vessels, discovered on routine dissection of a male cadaver, on the right side; additional renal artery originated from the abdominal aorta. In addition the right suprarenal gland received arteries from right renal and inferior phrenic arteries only. The right inferior phrenic originated from the right renal artery.

/pdf/accessory-renal-vessels-4ay1cljyrn.pdf

Accessory renal vessels.

In the evaluation of renal vessels, the accepted diagnostic gold standard digital subtraction angiography is now being challenged by state of the art CT and MR imaging Currently in many centers, cross-sectional imaging modalities are being used as a first line diagnostic tool to evaluate arterial and venous system of the kidneys and conventional angiography has been reserved only for therapeutic intervention CT and MR imaging display not only the lumen of the vessel as in conventional angiography, but also allow the visualization of the vessel wall, renal parenchyma, collecting system, and other adjacent soft tissue structures Therefore, CT and MRI have each become a one-stop shop for a thorough evaluation of kidneys In this pictorial essay, we reviewed normal anatomical variants and wide range of pathologies involving renal arteries and veins with illustrated contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging samples

Contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging of renal vessels

Basic Anatomy of the Kidney, Ureters and the Urinary Bladder, and Their Functions

Abstract Background Renal artery variations are clinically significant due to their implications for surgical procedures and renal function. However, data on these variations in Sudanese populations are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in Khartoum state from October 2017 to October 2020. A total of 400 Sudanese participants who underwent abdominal CT scans were included. Data on demographic characteristics, kidney measurements, and renal vasculature were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results The mean age of participants was 46.7 ± 18 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Overall, renal artery variations were present in 11% of participants, with accessory renal arteries observed in 6% of the study population. Among those with accessory vessels, 50% were on the right side, 29.2% on the left, and 20.8% bilateral, distributed across hilar 29.2%, lower polar 29.2%, and upper polar 41.7% regions. No significant associations were found between accessory renal arteries and age or gender ( p -value &gt; 0.05). However, participants with accessory renal arteries exhibited significantly narrower width 5.0 ± 1.4 than those with no with accessory renal arteries 5.8 ± 1.1 ( p -value 0.002) Early dividing renal arteries were found in 5% of participants, with nearly half being bilateral. No significant associations were found between the presence of early dividing renal arteries and demographic or renal measurements ( p -value &gt; 0.05). Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. The findings contribute to our understanding of renal anatomy in this demographic and can inform clinical practice and surgical planning, particularly in renal transplantation and other renal procedures. 

The prevalence of accessory renal arteries in sudanese population in Khartoum State: a cross-sectional CT study from 2017 to 2020

Punctate white matter lesions (PWML) are common in preterm neonates and have also been reported in the full term. While most studies focus on white matter abnormalities, gray matter (GM) alterations are generally ignored due to the lack of abnormalities on conventional MRI. This study aims to investigate whether magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a sensitive and practical method to detect occult alterations of deep GM nuclei in these neonates. Neonates with PWML and controls with no MRI abnormalities were retrospectively studied. Apparent diffusion coefficient values and metabolic ratios (Cho/Cr, NAA/Cho, and NAA/Cr) in the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus were compared between the PWML and control groups. Forty-two neonates with PWML (grades I, II, and III contained 14, 21, and 7 subjects, respectively) and 50 controls were enrolled. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus were not significantly different between the PWML and the control groups. The NAA/Cho ratio was significantly lower in the PWML group than in the control group in both regions, whereas a lower NAA/Cr ratio was only observed in the thalamus. Significantly lower ratios of NAA/Cho in both regions and NAA/Cr in the thalamus were detected in the grade II and III subgroup, whereas the thalamic NAA/Cho ratio was decreased in the grade I group compared with controls. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a sensitive method for detecting the occult deep GM abnormalities for the study cohort of neonates with PWML when compared with subjects without PWML.

Detection of occult abnormalities in the deep gray matter nuclei of neonates with punctate white matter lesions by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Arterial connection between the left and right kidneys is extremely rare. Only eight cases of such anomalous conditions have been reported in the world literature and all were confirmed by invasive angiography or dissection. We report a patient with this vascular anomaly clearly demonstrated by 16-slice multidetector computed tomography.

An Unusual Renal Vascular Anomaly: Common Origin of Arteries to the Lower Poles Demonstrated by a Computed Tomography Angiography Using 16-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography

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An Unusual Renal Vascular Anomaly: Common Origin of Arteries to the Lower Poles Demonstrated by a Computed Tomography Angiography Using 16-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography