Nitrous oxide (N2O) was investigated as the reaction gas for the determination of rare earth elements (REEs) by inductively coupled plasma–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS/QMS). The use of N2O as the reaction gas apparently improved the yields of m M16O+ for Eu and Yb in the reaction cell. As a result, the sensitivities for measurement of Eu and Yb were apparently improved in comparison to those obtained with O2 as the reaction gas. A high sensitivity measurement of the whole set of REEs was achieved, providing a typical sensitivity of 300,000 CPS mL/ng for REEs measured with an isotope having isotopic abundance close to 100%. The use of N2O as the reaction gas helped suppress Ba-related spectral interferences with the measurement of Eu, permitting the measurement of Eu in a natural sample without mathematic correction of spectral interferences. The detection limits (unit, pg/mL) for 14 REEs (except for Pm) from La to Lu were 0.028, 0.018, 0.006, 0.026, 0.006, 0.010, 0.017, 0.006, 0.016, 0.010, 0.016, 0.004, 0.023, and 0.012, respectively. The validity of the present method was confirmed by determining REEs in river water-certified reference materials, namely, SLRS-3 and SLRS-4.

/pdf/determination-of-rare-earth-elements-by-inductively-coupled-2ti8gtte.pdf

Determination of Rare Earth Elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry With Nitrous Oxide as the Reaction Gas

We measured the scintillation light yield of ZnWO4 crystals using a quasi-monochromatic neutron beam energy of 865 keV. Irradiating the neutron beam on two surfaces, which are almost perpendicular to the crystal axis, the light yield of oxygen recoil was measured. The obtained light yield ratio of a neutron recoil to gamma-ray-induced electron recoil for two surfaces was 0.235 ± 0.026 and 0.199 ± 0.020, respectively, which corresponds to 15.3% of anisotropy for ~200-keV nuclear recoils of this crystal. This property can be applied to a direction-sensitive dark matter (DM) detector.

Measurement of the Anisotropic Response of the ZnWO 4 Crystal for Developing the Direction-Sensitive Dark Matter Detector

Numerous experimental efforts have shown that antineutrino-based monitoring provides a non-intrusive means to estimate the fissile content and relative thermal power of nuclear reactors for nonproliferation. Until now, there have been no experimental demonstrations dedicated to exploring the nonproliferation potential of large detectors required for long-range monitoring. The goal of the Advanced Instrumentation Testbed (AIT) program is to test novel methods for the discovery of reactor cores, specifically in the mid-field to far-field, beyond 200 meters and out to tens or hundreds of kilometers, using kiloton-scale to megaton-scale detectors. The main physical infrastructure of the AIT consists of an underground laboratory in the Boulby mine in Northern England. The site is located at a 26-km standoff from the Hartlepool Reactor Complex, which houses two 1.5-GWth advanced gas-cooled reactors. The first detector to be deployed at the AIT is the WATer CHerenkov Monitor of ANtineutrinos (WATCHMAN). WATCHMAN will use ~6,000 tons of gadolinium-doped water in order to detect a few reactor antineutrinos per week from the Hartlepool reactor complex. WATCHMAN will focus on understanding the signal efficiency, radiological backgrounds, and the reactor operational status. Here, the nonproliferation goals are to understand the sensitivity for discovery of one reactor in the presence of another, the discovery of any reactor operations above a well-understood background, and the sensitivity to confirm the declared operational cycles of both reactors. Uniquely, AIT-WATCHMAN also offers a flexible platform at which nascent technologies such as water-based scintillator and fast photomultiplier tubes can be tested in real-world conditions. We present the AIT-WATCHMAN program and status.

Far-Field Monitoring of Reactor Antineutrinos for Nonproliferation

Demand to use gadolinium (Gd) in detectors is increasing in the field of elementary particle physics, especially neutrino measurements and dark matter searches. Large amounts of Gd are used in these experiments. Therefore, to access the impacts of Gd onto the environments, it is becoming important to measure the baseline concentrations of Gd in the environments. The measurement of the baseline concentrations, however, is not easy due to interferences by other elements. In this paper, a method for measuring the concentrations of rare earth elements including Gd is proposed. In the method, an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is utilized after collecting the dissolved elements in chelating resin. Results of the ability to detect anomalous concentrations of rare earth elements in river water samples in the Kamioka and Toyama areas are also reported.

Development of a method for measuring rare earth elements in the environment for future experiments with gadolinium loaded detectors

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

T. Okada

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Development of a method for measuring rare earth elements in the environment for future experiments with gadolinium loaded detectors