https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1468-6996/11/2/023001/pdf

Raman effect in icosahedral boron-rich solids

The photoreduction of CO2 is attractive for the production of renewable fuels and the mitigation of global warming. Herein, we report an efficient method for CO2 reduction over elemental boron catalysts in the presence of only water and light irradiation through a photothermocatalytic process. Owing to its high solar-light absorption and effective photothermal conversion, the illuminated boron catalyst experiences remarkable self-heating. This process favors CO2 activation and also induces localized boron hydrolysis to in situ produce H2 as an active proton source and electron donor for CO2 reduction as well as boron oxides as promoters of CO2 adsorption. These synergistic effects, in combination with the unique catalytic properties of boron, are proposed to account for the efficiency of the CO2 reduction. This study highlights the promise of photothermocatalytic strategies for CO2 conversion and also opens new avenues towards the development of related solar-energy utilization schemes.

Elemental Boron for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reduction under Light Irradiation

The discovery of graphene has led to a rising interest in seeking quasi two-dimensional allotropes of several elements and inorganic compounds. Boron, carbon’s neighbour in the periodic table, presents a curious case in its ability to be structured as graphene. Although it cannot independently constitute a honeycomb planar structure, it forms a graphenic arrangement in association with electron-donor elements. This is exemplified in magnesium diboride (MgB2): an inorganic layered compound comprising boron honeycomb planes alternated by Mg atoms. Till date, MgB2 has been primarily researched for its superconducting properties; it hasn’t been explored for the possibility of its exfoliation. Here we show that ultrasonication of MgB2 in water results in its exfoliation to yield few-layer-thick Mg-deficient hydroxyl-functionalized nanosheets. The hydroxyl groups enable an electrostatically stabilized aqueous dispersion and create a heterogeneity leading to an excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence. These chemically modified MgB2 nanosheets exhibit an extremely small absorption coefficient of 2.9 ml mg−1 cm−1 compared to graphene and its analogs. This ability to exfoliate MgB2 to yield nanosheets with a chemically modified lattice and properties distinct from the parent material presents a fundamentally new perspective to the science of MgB2 and forms a first foundational step towards exfoliating metal borides.

/pdf/aqueous-dispersions-of-few-layer-thick-chemically-modified-30cyc316dx.pdf

Aqueous dispersions of few-layer-thick chemically modified magnesium diboride nanosheets by ultrasonication assisted exfoliation.

One of the major experimental difficulties in studying materials at extreme temperatures is unwanted contamination of the sample through contact with the container. This can be avoided by suspending the sample through levitation. This technique also makes metastable states of matter accessible, opening up new avenues of scientific enquiry, as well as possible new materials for technological applications. This book describes several methods of levitation, the most important being aerodynamic, electromagnetic and electrostatic. It summarizes the state-of-the-art of the measurement of structural, dynamic and physical properties with levitation techniques, the considerable progress made in this field in the past two decades, and prospects for the future. It also explores the concepts behind the experiments and associated theoretical ideas. Aimed at researchers in physics, physical chemistry and materials science, the book is also of interest to professionals working in high-temperature materials processing and the aerospace industry.

High-Temperature Levitated Materials

This paper presents characterization of amorphous boron (a‐B) films prepared by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition method using diborane (B2H6) and hydrogen mixtures. Compositional analyses show that hydrogen is the only impurity which influences film properties appreciably. The infrared absorption study shows that the hydrogen is incorporated into the film in the terminal bonding form. The hydrogen concentration has been estimated using the semiempirical equation given by Blum, Feldman, and Satkiewicz [Phys. Status Solidi A 41, 481 (1977)], which can be verified by the more fundamental principle. The infrared absorption study also shows that the amorphous films possess some short‐range order related with the icosahedral structure. These observations allow us to consider that this film belongs to one of alloyed materials and is true hydrogenated a‐B. In order to study the contributions of hydrogen to the film properties, variations of the color and the electrical resistivity...

Characterization of hydrogenated amorphous boron films prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition method

The structure of amorphous boron has been investigated with pulsed neutron diffraction techniques using the ISIS facilities at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The experimental static structure factor S(Q) and derived radial distribution function support a model based on building blocks of B12 icosahedra resembling those found in β-rhombohedral boron, but with disorder occuring in the linking between these subunits.

A neutron diffraction study of amorphous boron using a pulsed source

The static structure factor S(Q) of 99.1% enriched amorphous B-11 at 293 K has been determined by neutron diffraction techniques. The sample contained a 5% mixture of crystalline α- and β-rhombohedral boron for which a correction was applied to the measured intensities. S(Q) for β-rhombohedral boron derived under identical experimental conditions is similar to S(Q) for the amorphous material which indicates that an icosahedral arrangement of boron atoms also exists as a subunit in the non-crystalline form with disorder occuring between the icosahedra.

A neutron diffraction study of amorphous boron

The structure of amorphous boron has been studied with pulsed neutron diffraction techniques using the ISIS facilities at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The experimental static structure factor S(Q) and radial distribution function support a structural model based on units of B12 icosahedra resembling those found in crystalline β‐rhombohedral boron, but with a certain degree of disorder occurring in the linking between these subunits.

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A neutron diffraction study of amorphous boron using a pulsed source

A neutron diffraction study of amorphous boron

A neutron diffraction study of amorphous boron