The isotropic magnetic moment of a free atom is shown to develop giant magnetic anisotropy energy due to symmetry reduction at an atomically ordered surface. Single cobalt atoms deposited onto platinum (111) are found to have a magnetic anisotropy energy of 9 millielectron volts per atom arising from the combination of unquenched orbital moments (1.1 Bohr magnetons) and strong spin-orbit coupling induced by the platinum substrate. By assembling cobalt nanoparticles containing up to 40 atoms, the magnetic anisotropy energy is further shown to be dependent on single-atom coordination changes. These results confirm theoretical predictions and are of fundamental value to understanding how magnetic anisotropy develops in finite-sized magnetic particles.

/pdf/giant-magnetic-anisotropy-of-single-cobalt-atoms-and-11xzrdd4jc.pdf

Giant Magnetic Anisotropy of Single Cobalt Atoms and Nanoparticles

The design of nanoparticles is critical for their efficient use in many applications ranging from biomedicine to sensing and energy. While shape and size are responsible for the properties of the inorganic nanoparticle core, the choice of ligands is of utmost importance for the colloidal stability and function of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the selection of ligands employed in nanoparticle synthesis can determine their final size and shape. Ligands added after nanoparticle synthesis infer both new properties as well as provide enhanced colloidal stability. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of the ligands with respect to the nanoparticle morphology, stability, and function. We analyze the interaction of nanoparticle surface and ligands with different chemical groups, the types of bonding, the final dispersibility of ligand-coated nanoparticles in complex media, their reactivity, and their performance in biomedicine, photodetectors, photovoltaic devices, light-emitting devices, sensors, memory devices, thermoelectric applications, and catalysis.

The Role of Ligands in the Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties, recently, ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors. Thus, ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases. The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2 gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials. The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms. Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response, response time, recovery time, selectivity, detection limit, stability and recyclability, etc are also discussed in this article. Further, the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods, nanowires, nano-micro flowers, quantum dots, thin films and nanosheets, etc for the fabrication of NO2 gas sensors are also presented. Moreover, various factors such as NO2 concentrations, annealing temperature, ZnO morphologies and particle sizes, relative humidity, operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2 gas sensing properties are discussed in this review. Finally, the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.

/pdf/zinc-oxide-nanostructures-for-no2-gas-sensor-applications-a-3sx7widif2.pdf

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for NO2 Gas–Sensor Applications: A Review

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) arising at the interface between ferromagnetic transition metals and metallic oxides was investigated via first-principles calculations. In this work very large values of PMA, up to 3 erg/cm${}^{2}$, at Fe$|$MgO interfaces are reported, in agreement with recent experiments. The origin of PMA is attributed to overlap between O-${p}_{z}$ and transition metal ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbitals hybridized with ${d}_{xz(yz)}$ orbitals with stronger spin-orbit coupling-induced splitting around the Fermi level for perpendicular magnetization orientation. Furthermore, it is shown that the PMA value weakens in the case of over- or underoxidation due to the fact that oxygen ${p}_{z}$ and transition metal ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbital overlap is strongly affected by disorder, in agreement with experimental observations in magnetic tunnel junctions.

/pdf/first-principles-investigation-of-the-very-large-54ailcoivm.pdf

First-principles investigation of the very large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at Fe|MgO and Co|MgO interfaces

The perovskites and perovskite-related structures exhibit several features of technical as well as fundamental interest. Technically useful properties include oxide-ion conduction with/without electronic conduction, oxidation catalysis, ferroic displacements in classic and relaxor ferroelectrics, half-metallic ferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity. Of more fundamental interest is the ability to tune, by chemical substitution on the large-cation subarray, transition-metal oxides through the crossover on the transition-metal array from localized dn configurations to itinerant d-electron behaviour without/with changing the valence state of that array. The localized-electron configurations may exhibit cooperative Jahn–Teller distortions that introduce anisotropic exchange interactions. At crossover, bond-length fluctuations may segregate into an ordered array of alternating covalent and ionic bonding in a single-valent perovskite; multicentre polarons or correlation bags may replace small polarons in a mixed-valent system. Bond-length fluctuations at crossover give vibronic conduction and suppression of the phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity; the fluctuations may order, to give high-temperature superconductivity, or transform to quantum–critical-point behaviour at lowest temperatures. Crossover of σ-bonding electrons in the presence of localized spins associated with π-bonding electrons gives rise to the colossal magnetoresistance phenomenon above a ferromagnetic Curie temperature.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/67/11/R01/pdf

Electronic and ionic transport properties and other physical aspects of perovskites

The first observation of a magnetic circular x-ray dichroism (MCXD) at the Mn L2,3 core edges in antiferromagnetic LaMnO3 shows canted spin and orbital ( m(orb)) moments arising from lattice distortions. An L2,3-edge MCXD in ferromagnetic metals and insulators, La1-xSr(x)MnO3+delta, reveals that m(orb) of Mn strongly depends on x in the metallic regime but remains unchanged with the metal-to-insulator transition (x approximately 0.16). An O K-edge MCXD, which shows m(orb) of O caused by 2p-3d hybridization, is much larger in the ferromagnetic metal than insulator phases, sharply contrasting with m(orb) of Mn. Our findings indicate a close magnetism-lattice-hybridization coupling.

Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO 3 and La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 + δ : Doping-Dependent Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study

LaMnO 3 及びLa 1-x Sr x MnO 3+δ の磁気モーメント,格子歪及び混成の間の密接な相関 ドーピング依存の磁気円X線二色性

Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO3 and La1xSrxMnO3 + delta

Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we performed an element-specific investigation of the spin magnetic moments $({m}_{\text{spin}})$ of Mn and Co of ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ ultrathin layers grown on an Fe underlayer to stabilize the ferromagnetism and facing an MgO barrier. The experimentally observed dependence of the ${m}_{\text{spin}}$ values of Co and Mn on the ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ layer thickness in the ultrathin region is qualitatively in good agreement with the one theoretically obtained for a MnSi-terminated interface of the ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ layer facing an MgO barrier. This clarification would provide a strong basis for further advancement of applications of half-metallic Heusler alloy electrodes into spintronic devices.

/pdf/interface-structure-of-half-metallic-heusler-alloy-co-2-mnsi-4xdogx7h5s.pdf

Interface structure of half-metallic Heusler alloy Co 2 MnSi thin films facing an MgO tunnel barrier determined by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

The ferromagnetic oxide ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ has been studied by magnetic circular x-ray dichroism (MCXD) in core-level absorption. In the Co ${2p}_{3/2,1/2}$ absorption, the orbital and spin magnetic moments of the Co $3d$ are deduced with the use of magneto-optical sum rules and compared with magnetization measurements. In the O $1s$ absorption, large negative MCXD structures are observed, showing that the O $2p$ orbitals are heavily mixed with the Co $3d$ orbitals and that the orbital magnetic moment of O $2p$ is parallel to the orbital magnetic moment of Co $3d$ and the total magnetic moment. The relative magnitudes of the spin and orbital magnetic moments are most consistently interpreted based on the intermediate-spin states of Co $3d$ within the ionic model, although the absolute values of the spin and orbital magnetic moments are found to be smaller, probably indicating that the itinerant electron description of the Co $3d$ states is more appropriate in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}.$

Magnetic circular x-ray dichroism study of La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3

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Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO 3 and La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 + δ : Doping-Dependent Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study

LaMnO 3 及びLa 1-x Sr x MnO 3+δ の磁気モーメント,格子歪及び混成の間の密接な相関ドーピング依存の磁気円X線二色性

Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO3 and La1xSrxMnO3 + delta

Interface structure of half-metallic Heusler alloy Co 2 MnSi thin films facing an MgO tunnel barrier determined by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Magnetic circular x-ray dichroism study of La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3

T. Koide

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO 3 and La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 + δ : Doping-Dependent Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study

LaMnO 3 及びLa 1-x Sr x MnO 3+δ の磁気モーメント,格子歪及び混成の間の密接な相関 ドーピング依存の磁気円X線二色性

Close Correlation between the Magnetic Moments, Lattice Distortions, and Hybridization in LaMnO3 and La1xSrxMnO3 + delta

Interface structure of half-metallic Heusler alloy Co 2 MnSi thin films facing an MgO tunnel barrier determined by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Magnetic circular x-ray dichroism study of La 1 − x Sr x CoO 3

LaMnO 3 及びLa 1-x Sr x MnO 3+δ の磁気モーメント,格子歪及び混成の間の密接な相関ドーピング依存の磁気円X線二色性