Validity and reliability of forensic firearm examiners.

This review paper covers the relevant literature on forensic firearm examination from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf .

Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2016-2019.

/pdf/forensic-handwriting-examination-and-human-factors-improving-22042c8cbs.pdf

Forensic Handwriting Examination and Human Factors: Improving the Practice Through a Systems Approach

Forensic toolmark examiners have been comparing features observed in toolmarks to help determine their source for over a century. However, in the past decade, the holistic process of comparing toolmarks and presenting findings in court have faced intense scrutiny. This paper provides a summary of the voiced criticisms, primarily concerning the scientific reliability and validity of the comparison methods employed by examiners and the conclusions they testify to. The focus of this review is specifically on the examination of striated toolmarks. We assess the comparison methods and reporting practices currently in use, while also delving deeper into research aligned with current recommendations, such as PCAST (The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology). Throughout the review, we examine both the strengths and weaknesses of existing practices, aiming to assist practitioners in identifying key research needs and addressing the concerns raised by critics. By doing so, we seek to enhance the credibility and effectiveness of toolmark analysis in the field of forensic science. 

Striated toolmarks comparison and reporting methods: Review and perspectives.

This paper presents examples of how to report results when using a probabilistic approach in the field of firearms. Three European Institutes who have adopted a Likelihood Ratio (LR) -based approach in their practice were asked to produce the evaluation section of a report based on a fictious case. Background information about the Institutes, their conclusion scales, and reporting formats is presented. The article ends with a brief overview of recent developments within the ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) community where guidelines for evaluative reports have been formulated and are now published. The current collaborative approach between Institutes, presented in this article, offers an opportunity to discuss practical issues related to this approach. More specifically, this is an opportunity to introduce the ENFSI guidelines and its tenets, providing more tools for firearms/toolmarks examiners to progress toward a LR-based approach.

Cartridge case and bullet comparison: examples of evaluative reporting

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Cartridge case and bullet comparison: examples of evaluative reporting