Research on social status competition among women suggests that underlying hormonal shifts associated with the ovulatory cycle systematically drive alterations in preferences and behavior. Specifically, it is proposed that the fertile window, marked by heightened estradiol and lower progesterone levels, is related to increased psychological motivation for intrasexual social comparison, leading to increasing competitiveness and jealousy. In this pre-registered, longitudinal study, 257 women provided saliva samples for hormone assays, rated the attractiveness of other women, and self-reported intrasexual competitiveness and jealousy across four testing sessions. Multilevel analyses revealed no compelling evidence for (hormone-related) cycle shifts in intrasexual competitiveness, attractiveness ratings, or jealousy. Rather, women higher in intrasexual competitiveness seem to rate other women as more attractive in general. We discuss how our results contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that women’s social attitudes and preferences are more stable and less hormonally influenced than previously assumed.

Women’s Intrasexual Competitiveness and Jealousy Across the Ovulatory Cycle: A Hormone-Based Study

: On the surface, the majority of Air Force units appear to be executing some form of project risk management (PRM). Deeper investigation exposes many of the PRM practices currently in place to often be ad hoc, and as such, have the potential to poorly inform decisions when risk data is escalated to the enterprise levels of the Air Force. Resultantly, there is inconsistency between the PRM processes practiced by Air Force units. This inconsistency is an indication of risk mishandling at the project level and erroneous risk data provided at the enterprise levels of the Air Force. It may be the case that PRM process inconsistency could be attributed to ambiguous direction, cognitive biases, flawed practices, and inadequate tools. To investigate whether this is the case, a pool of twenty subjects who represented a wide slice of Air Force acquisitions personnel were interviewed to provide insight to the underlying phenomenon causing inconsistent and deficient Air Force PRM. Specifically, the data collected was sorted and analyzed for trends and patterns concerning current PRM practices. The information from the research study can be used as a launch point to focus corrective efforts and changes on the sources of the problems identified.

/pdf/air-force-project-risk-management-the-impact-of-inconsistent-3ye2j0t1u8.pdf

Air Force Project Risk Management - The Impact of Inconsistent Processes

Background: Research indicates separation from the military may result in increased risk of alcohol use. However, there is little data on cannabis use among military service members, particularly when examining the period after separation from military service. This research examines cannabis-related perceptions and use among U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) current and former soldiers. Methods: Data come from Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers And Families Excelling Through the Years), an ongoing study examining health among male and female USAR/NG soldiers. The current sample was comprised of 401 current and former USAR/NG soldiers. Logistic regression models examined the associations between past-year cannabis use, military status (i.e., current versus former), attitudes towards recreational cannabis, perceived ease of access, and perceived risk of cannabis use, while controlling for age, problematic alcohol use, and current cigarette smoking. Results: Overall, 7.4% of current and 20.3% of former military service members used cannabis in the past year. Favorable attitudes towards cannabis use and perceived ease of accessing cannabis were associated with increased odds of use among all soldiers. In adjusted models, former military members had greater odds (AOR = 5.28, 95% CI = 2.16, 12.87) of past-year cannabis use compared to current service members. Conclusions: Findings indicate that separation from the military may be an important risk factor to consider when assessing cannabis use in the military. Additional research is needed to examine socioenvironmental factors (e.g., access to post-deployment support services and healthcare, state legalization laws, other behavioral health conditions) that contribute to former service members’ cannabis use.

/pdf/cannabis-use-and-perceptions-among-current-and-former-9bhu1r00.pdf

Cannabis Use and Perceptions Among Current and Former Military Service Members

This study examines the influence of malpractice claims on the practice behavior of a panel of obstetricians in Florida during the period 1992-1995 to determine whether physicians respond to malpractice events by performing more cesareans, consistent with the notion that cesarean sections are employed as "defensive medicine." Findings indicate that clinical events resulting in claims that lead to substantial indemnity payments have a significant, modest effect on physician practice behavior: physicians experiencing those claims increase their risk-adjusted cesarean rates by about one percentage point. Malpractice experience does not appear to affect patient mix, but claims with large payouts may affect patient volume.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_41.2.170

Malpractice experience and the incidence of cesarean delivery: a physician-level longitudinal analysis.

There are many types of risk in banking. We need therefore to be clear what we mean by ‘risk’, and what type of risk we mean.

Variations on Risk

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Variations on Risk