Permafrost thaw and climate warming may decrease the CO2, carbon, and metal concentration in peat soil waters of the Western Siberia Lowland.

The assessment of riverine fluxes of carbon, nutrients, and metals in surface waters of permafrost-affected regions is crucially important for constraining adequate models of ecosystem functioning under various climate change scenarios In this regard, the largest permafrost peatland territory on the Earth, the Western Siberian Lowland (WSL) presents a unique opportunity of studying possible future changes in biogeochemical cycles because it lies within a south–north gradient of climate, vegetation, and permafrost that ranges from the permafrost-free boreal to the Arctic tundra with continuous permafrost at otherwise similar relief and bedrocks By applying a “substituting space for time” scenario, the WSL south-north gradient may serve as a model for future changes due to permafrost boundary shift and climate warming Here we measured export fluxes (yields) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major cations, macro- and micro- nutrients, and trace elements in 32 rivers, draining the WSL across a latitudinal transect from the permafrost-free to the continuous permafrost zone We aimed at quantifying the impact of climate warming (water temperature rise and permafrost boundary shift) on DOC, nutrient and metal in rivers using a “substituting space for time” approach We demonstrate that, contrary to common expectations, the climate warming and permafrost thaw in the WSL will likely decrease the riverine export of organic C and many elements Based on the latitudinal pattern of riverine export, in the case of a northward shift in the permafrost zones, the DOC, P, N, Si, Fe, divalent heavy metals, trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates are likely to decrease the yields by a factor of 2–5 The DIC, Ca, SO4, Sr, Ba, Mo, and U are likely to increase their yields by a factor of 2–3 Moreover, B, Li, K, Rb, Cs, N-NO3, Mg, Zn, As, Sb, Rb, and Cs may be weakly affected by the permafrost boundary migration (change of yield by a factor of 15 to 20) We conclude that modeling of C and element cycle in the Arctic and subarctic should be region-specific and that neglecting huge areas of permafrost peatlands might produce sizeable bias in our predictions of climate change impact

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1817/pdf

Impact of Permafrost Thaw and Climate Warming on Riverine Export Fluxes of Carbon, Nutrients and Metals in Western Siberia

This research has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 200021_169598), with additional support from the University of Lausanne.

/pdf/the-eurasian-modern-pollen-database-empd-version-2-22zhn35uzf.pdf

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

 Natural and anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are sequestered in
terrestrial soils over short, annual to long, millennial timescales
before Hg mobilization and run-off impact wetland and coastal ocean
ecosystems Recent studies have used Hg-to-carbon (C) ratios
( RHgC 's) measured in Alaskan permafrost mineral and peat
soils together with a northern circumpolar permafrost soil carbon
inventory to estimate that these soils contain large amounts of Hg (between 184 and
755  Gg ) in the upper 1  m  However, measurements
of RHgC on Siberian permafrost peatlands are largely
missing, leaving the size of the estimated northern soil Hg budget and
its fate under Arctic warming scenarios uncertain Here we present Hg
and carbon data for six peat cores down to mineral horizons at
15–4  m depth, across a 1700  km latitudinal (56 to
67 ∘  N) permafrost gradient in the Western Siberian Lowland
(WSL) Mercury concentrations increase from south to north in all soil
horizons, reflecting a higher stability of sequestered Hg with respect
to re-emission The RHgC in the WSL peat horizons
decreases with depth, from 038  Gg Pg−1 in the active layer
to 023  Gg Pg−1 in continuously frozen peat of the WSL We
estimate the Hg pool (0–1  m ) in the permafrost-affected part
of the WSL peatlands to be 93±27 Gg  We review and
estimate pan-Arctic organic and mineral soil RHgC to be
019 and 063  Gg Pg−1 , respectively, and use a soil carbon budget to
revise the pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool to be 72  Gg 
(39–91  Gg ; interquartile range, IQR) in the upper
30  cm , 240  Gg (110–336  Gg ) in the upper
1  m , and 597  Gg (384–750  Gg ) in the upper
3  m  Using the same RHgC approach, we revise the
upper 30  cm of the global soil Hg pool to contain 1086  Gg of
Hg (852–1265  Gg , IQR), of which 7 % (72  Gg )
resides in northern permafrost soils Additional soil and river
studies in eastern and northern Siberia are needed to lower the
uncertainty on these estimates and assess the timing of Hg release to
the atmosphere and rivers

/pdf/a-revised-pan-arctic-permafrost-soil-hg-pool-based-on-3e2xfm5lhd.pdf

A revised pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool based on Western Siberian peat Hg and carbon observations

The emergence of hunter-gatherer pottery in the Urals and West Siberia: New dating and stable isotope evidence

Late Glacial and Holocene environmental history on the eastern slope of the Middle Ural mountains, Russia

Integrated studies on several peat-gyttja sections, including Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural layers, were conducted for the Shigir and Gorbunovo peatlands of the Middle Urals. The results of plant macrofossil and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the history of peat formation, vegetation, and climate changes during the Holocene. The radiocarbon dating of archaeological artifacts and enclosing sedimentary layers were used to reconstruct the stratigraphy and dynamics of peat formation and establish the chronology of inhabitation of this region in the changing paleoenvironmental conditions.

Geochronology, stratigraphy, and evolution of Middle Uralian peatlands during the Holocene (exemplified by the Shigir and Gorbunovo peat bogs)

The reconstruction of the dynamics of natural and climatic conditions according to the spore–pollen analysis and AMS dating of the peat section of the south-taiga watershed of the bog swamp massif in western Siberia is presented. The dynamics of regional forest vegetation was reconstructed for the last 4200 years. The period of cryogenic termination of peat accumulation of 2995–2215 before present (BP), as well as climatic changes in the thermal and humidity regimes, was determined. The cooling periods in the last millennium coincide with the minima of solar activity: Oort; Wolf; Shperer; Maunder; and Dalton.

Dynamics of Forest Vegetation and Climate in the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia in the Late Holocene According to Spore–Pollen Analysis and Ams Dating of the Peat Bog

Deposits of permafrost peat bogs, which have been o p ed by natural outcrops of rivers and lakes have be n investigated in forest-tundra and north taiga zones of eastern s lope of the Polar and Pre-Polar Ural Mountains. Pol len and botanical analysis of peat and radiocarbon dating of deposits were used as research methods. Fluctuations of veg etation and ecological conditions were revealed in Holocene fro m Preboreal till Subboreal periods. The Holocene gr owth of heat level was shown to be traced by spatial and temporal dyna mics of the tree line to northwards. In the warmest Atlantic period taiga forests with predominance of spruce were spr eaded on the whole territory. Intensive peat format ion have been occurred from 9000 till 4000 years ago.

/pdf/holocene-history-of-the-environment-and-development-of-bogs-3m9ze4lzyi.pdf

Holocene history of the environment and development of bogs on the eastern slope of the Polar and Pre-Polar Urals

We have studied the upper layer of a peat deposit that was formed in the gradient of a gas flare impact on an oligotrophic bog in Western Siberia more than 20 years ago. Changes in the temperature parameters of surface air and the rooting peat horizon, as well as an increase in the degree of decomposition and ash content, a decrease in the bog water level and acidity of the upper layer of the peat deposit in the impact zone of flare, have been recorded. The relationship of changes in the hydrological and temperature regimens with changes in the peat composition and properties is shown. The botanical and spore-and-pollen analyses have revealed a trend in the reciprocal development of the upper horizon of the oligotrophic peat deposit towards eutrophication: the change in the fuscum peat for moss–dwarf-shrub peat.

The Peat-Forming Process in an Oligotrophic Bog in the Impact Zone of a Gas Flare in Western Siberia

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