This article is a state-of-the-art review about such metals as Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Hg, and As in surface waters. It focuses on natural and anthropogenic sources, chemical properties and levels, and toxicity mechanisms of these metals to aquatic organisms, primarily fish and invertebrates. Organisms living in almost anoxic, sulfide-rich evironments are not incorporated into this study. This information is then linked to a Nordic Lake Survey implemented in 1995 on major chemistry and metals in Scandinavian surface waters to scale the problems of metals in Swedish and Norwegian surface waters. Because many acidified Swedish and Norwegian lakes also are limed, we also assess the risk of remobilization of metals because these waters reacidify due to reduced liming activity. The concentrations and chemical properties of metals in lakes relative to the biological effect levels suggest that the potential risks associated to both current and potential reacidified status of limed waters decreases in...

Metals in Scandinavian surface waters: Effects of acidification, liming, and potential reacidification

Restoration of aquatic macrophyte vegetation in acidified and eutrophied softwater lakes: an overview

. Meeting internationally agreed-upon climate targets requires
carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies coupled with an urgent phase-down of
fossil fuel emissions. However, the efficacy and wider impacts of CDR are
poorly understood. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a land-based CDR
strategy requiring large-scale field trials. Here we show that a low 3.44 t ha −1 wollastonite treatment in an 11.8 ha acid-rain-impacted forested watershed in New Hampshire, USA, led to cumulative carbon capture by carbonic acid weathering of 0.025–0.13 t CO 2  ha −1 over 15 years. Despite a 0.8–2.4 t CO 2  ha −1 logistical carbon penalty from mining,
grinding, transportation, and spreading, by 2015 weathering together with
increased forest productivity led to net CDR of 8.5–11.5 t CO 2  ha −1 . Our results demonstrate that ERW may be an effective, scalable
CDR strategy for acid-impacted forests but at large scales requires
sustainable sources of silicate rock dust.

/pdf/increased-carbon-capture-by-a-silicate-treated-forested-4i09ytacgh.pdf

Increased carbon capture by a silicate-treated forested watershed affected by acid deposition

Increases in soil acidification have led to large increases in the application of aglime to Australian agricultural soils. The addition of aglime has the potential to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the release of CO2 during the chemical dissolution of aglime and due to pH-induced changes to soil biological processes. Currently, Australia’s GHG accounting system assumes that all the carbon contained in aglime is released to the atmosphere during dissolution in accordance with the Tier 1 methodology of the IPCC. However, a recent approach by TO West and AC McBride has questioned this assumption, hypothesising that a proportion of the carbon from riverine-transported aglime may be sequestered in seawater. In addition, there is presently no capacity within Australia’s carbon accounting system to quantify changes to GHG emissions from lime-induced changes to soil biological processes. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to examine the chemical and biological processes occurring during the application of aglime and the subsequent fluxes in CO2, N2O, and CH4 from soil, with particular reference to the Australian environment. Estimates for CO2 emissions from aglime application in Australia using the contrasting methodologies of the IPCC and West and McBride were compared. Using the methodology of the IPCC it was determined that from the aglime applied in Australia in 2002, 0.995 Tg of CO2 would have been emitted, whereas this figure was reduced to 0.659–0.860 Tg of CO2 using the methodology of West and McBride. However, the accuracy of these estimates is currently limited by poor understanding of the manner in which aglime moves within the Australian landscapes. In addition, there are only a very small number of Australian studies that have examined the effect of aglime on GHG emissions due to changes in soil biological processes, limiting the ability of Australian modellers to accurately incorporate these processes within the carbon accounting system.

Processes and magnitude of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from liming of Australian acidic soils: a review

A new look at liming as an approach to accelerate recovery from acidic deposition effects.

In June 1983 a whole-catchment liming experiment was conducted at Tjonnstrond, southernmost Norway, to test the utility of terrestrial liming as a technique to restore fish populations in remote lakes with short water-retention times. Tjonnstrond consists of 2 small ponds of 3.0 and 1.5 ha in area which drain a 25-ha catchment. The area is located at about 650–700 meters above sea-level in sparse and unproductive forests of spruce, pine and birch with abundant peatlands. A dose of 3 ton/ha of powdered limestone were spread by helicopter to the terrestrial area. No limestone was added to the ponds themselves. The ponds were subsequently stocked with brown and brook trout.

Whole-catchment liming at Tjønnstrond, Norway: An 11-year record

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Whole-catchment liming at Tjønnstrond, Norway: An 11-year record