Plants belonging to the genus Curcuma are gaining importance globally as one of the significant ingredients in food and traditional medicines. Apart from being considered as nutritionally rich food...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942912.2017.1387556

Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of edible Curcuma species: A review

Turmeric (Curcuma longa): miRNAs and their regulating targets are involved in development and secondary metabolite pathways

The use of widely targeted metabolomics profiling to quantify differences in medicinally important compounds from five Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) species

For more than a thousand years, Rhizoma Curcumae (known as E zhu), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to eradicate blood stasis and relieve aches. The plant Curcuma wenyujin, which is grown primarily in Wenzhou, China, is considered the best source of Rhizoma Curcumae. In this study, we sought to ascertain differences in transcript profiles of C. wenyujin grown in traditional (Wenzhou) and recently established (Haikou) production areas based on Illumina and RNA (RNA-seq) sequencing. We also examined differences in the main components of the volatile oil terpene; curcumin, polysaccharide, and starch constituents and related genes in the corresponding pathways, in C. wenyujin cultivated in the two production areas. We accordingly found that the essential oil (2.05%), curcumin (1.46%), and polysaccharide (8.90%) content in Wenzhou rhizomes was higher than that in the rhizomes of plants from Haikou (1.60%, 0.91%, and 6.15%, respectively). In contrast, the starch content of Wenzhou rhizomes (17.0%) was lower than that of Haikou rhizomes (23.8%). Furthermore, we detected significant differences in the oil components of Haikou and Wenzhou rhizomes, with curzerene (32.34%), curdione (21.35%), and germacrene B (9.39%) being the primary components of the essential oil derived from Wenzhou rhizomes, and curzerene (20.13%), curdione (14.73%), and cineole (9.76%) being the main constituents in Haikou rhizomes. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses revealed considerable differences in gene expression between Wenzhou and Haikou rhizomes. The expression of terpene, curcumin, and polysaccharide pathway-related genes in Wenzhou rhizomes was significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of starch-associated genes was significantly down-regulated, compared with those in Haikou rhizomes. Difference in the content of terpene, curcumin, polysaccharides, and starch in rhizomes from the two production areas could be explained in terms of differences in expression of the related genes.

/pdf/transcriptome-analysis-of-curcuma-wenyujin-from-haikou-and-5576vdokx2.pdf

Transcriptome analysis of Curcuma wenyujin from Haikou and Wenzhou, and a comparison of the main constituents and related genes of Rhizoma Curcumae.

A comprehensive review on genomic resources in medicinally and industrially important major spices for future breeding programs: Status, utility and challenges.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that execute regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Information on turmeric miRNAs is very rare. In the present study, we have identified 27 conserved and 40 non-conserved miRNA families by high-throughput Illumina sequencing and downstream in silico analysis. We could also identify 97 novel candidate miRNAs specific to turmeric. Selected miRNAs were validated by stem-loop RT-PCR and northern blotting. The targets were predicted for identified miRNAs and were found to be involved in plant growth and development, stress response and metabolism. Expression pattern of selected conserved miRNAs in response to drought stress was analyzed by stem-loop qRT-PCR. This is the first report on miRNA content of turmeric transcriptome, which might serve as a foundation for more future work on miRNA based gene regulation in this medicinally important spice crop.

Transcriptome deep sequencing, identification of novel microRNAs and validation under drought stress in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

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Transcriptome deep sequencing, identification of novel microRNAs and validation under drought stress in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)