A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid-state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Current ceramic fuel cells use an oxygen-ion conductor or a proton conductor as the electrolyte and operate at high temperatures (>600°C). Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications. This paper reviews the science and technology of ceramic fuel cells and discusses the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell. The emphasis is given to the discussion of component materials (especially, ZrO2 electrolyte, nickel/ZrO2 cermet anode, LaMnO3 cathode, and LaCrO3 interconnect), gas reactions at the electrodes, stack designs, and processing techniques used in the fabrication of required ceramic structures.

Ceramic Fuel Cells

Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are one of the most promising technologies for future efficient conversion of the chemical energy stored in fuels to electrical energy. One of the primary advantages of SOFCs is the potential to operate with a wide variety of fuels. While H2 is the fuel of choice for most fuel cells, operation with fossil-derived and bio-derived hydrocarbon fuels would bypass the costly requirement of a new H2 infrastructure, and accelerate adoption of fuel cell technology. This is feasible as SOFCs transport oxygen anions from the air electrode (cathode) to the fuel electrode (anode). The primary barrier to the realization of fuel flexible SOFCs is the anode material set. Traditional SOFC anodes are based on Ni composites. While these are very efficient for H2 and CO fuels, Ni catalyzes graphite formation from dry hydrocarbons, leading to rapid degradation of cell performance and possible mechanical failure. This motivates the development of new anode materials and composites. The principle requirements of an anode are oxygen anion conductivity, electronic conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity toward the desired reaction. This entry reviews the primary issues in direct hydrocarbon anode development and discusses the new materials and composites that have been developed to meet this challenge.

Direct hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cells.

Present review is aimed at providing a state-of-art development of anode for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with principal emphasis on the materials aspect. The criteria for the anode of SOFC are first presented. The prospects and problems of the currently developed anode materials are elucidated. In particular, the electrochemical properties of the Ni/YSZ cermet anode that is the most commonly employed in the establishment of SOFC stack is described along with various approaches attempted for their improvements. The advantages and disadvantages of other anode materials are compared to offer some insights for the research and development of new generation of anode materials for SOFC.

A review on the status of anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells

High temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has prospect and potential to generate electricity from fossil fuels with high efficiency and very low greenhouse gas emissions as compared to traditional thermal power plants. In the last 10 years, there has been significant progress in the materials development and stack technologies in SOFC. The objective of this paper is to review the development of anode materials in SOFC from the viewpoint of materials microstructure and performance associated with the fabrication and optimization processes. Latest development and achievement in the Ni/Y2O3-ZrO2 (Ni/YSZ) cermet anodes, alternative and conducting oxide anodes and anode-supported substrate materials are presented. Challenges and research trends based on the fundamental understanding of the materials science and engineering for the anode development for the commercially viable SOFC technologies are discussed.

A review of anode materials development in solid oxide fuel cells

at 1000 °C has been measured as a function of the Ni content (15-50 vol.%) using cermets with two different ZrO2 particle sizes.

The Conductivity of Porous Ni/ZrO2-Y2O3 Cermets

A new fuel cell design, called the ''monolithic fuel cell,'' is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The monolithic design employs the same thin ceramic components used in other oxide fuel cells in a strong, lightweight honeycomb structure of small cells, and thus can achieve very high power per unit mass or volume. The light weight and low volume, as well as the efficiency and reliability of electrical systems, are advantageous is space and terrestial systems.

Monolithic fuel cell development

A unique fuel cell coupled with a low power nuclear reactor presents an attractive approach for SDI burst power requirements. The high power, long duration bursts, quoted in the open literature, (100 MWe, 200 sec) appear achievable within a single shuttle launch limitation with appropriate development of the concept. The system performance advantages result from a significant breakthrough in fuel cell design. The monolithic design employs the same thin ceramic components used in other oxide fuel cells in a strong, lighweight honeycomb structure of small cells, and thus can achieve very high power per unit mass or volume. The light weight and low volume as well as the efficiency and reliability of electrical systems, are advantageous in space applications.

Monolithic fuel cell based power source for sprint power generation

The conductivity of porous Ni/ZrO/sub 2-/Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ cermets at 1000/sup 0/C was determined as a function of Ni content between 15 and 50 volume percent (v/o) of total solids for two different zirconia particle sizes (23 and 47 m/sup 2//g). Below Ni contents of 30 v/o, ionic conduction through the zirconia phase dominated. At 30 v/o Ni, a greater than three order of magnitude increase in the conductivity was observed, corresponding to a change in mechanism to electronic conduction through the Ni phase. The conductivity of cermets made with a Ni content greater than 30 v/o Ni was found to decrease with increasing temperature between 700/sup 0/ and 1000/sup 0/C. While the conductivity of the cermets with the larger particle size zirconia was higher by more than a factor of four, all the samples studied had the same activation energy, 5.7 +- 0.1 kJ/mol. The increase in conductivity with zirconia particle size is attributed to improved Ni particle-to-particle contact, resulting from the Ni phase being able to cover more completely the surface of the zirconia matrix where it resides.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2100839/pdf

Conductivity of Porous Ni / ZrO2 ‐ Y 2 O 3 Cermets

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The Conductivity of Porous Ni/ZrO2-Y2O3 Cermets

Monolithic fuel cell development

Monolithic fuel cell based power source for sprint power generation

Conductivity of Porous Ni / ZrO2 ‐ Y 2 O 3 Cermets