With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the fixed spectrum assignment policy becomes a bottleneck for more efficient spectrum utilization, under which a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum resources urges the spectrum regulatory bodies to review their policy and start to seek for innovative communication technology that can exploit the wireless spectrum in a more intelligent and flexible way. The concept of cognitive radio is proposed to address the issue of spectrum efficiency and has been receiving an increasing attention in recent years, since it equips wireless users the capability to optimally adapt their operating parameters according to the interactions with the surrounding radio environment. There have been many significant developments in the past few years on cognitive radios. This paper surveys recent advances in research related to cognitive radios. The fundamentals of cognitive radio technology, architecture of a cognitive radio network and its applications are first introduced. The existing works in spectrum sensing are reviewed, and important issues in dynamic spectrum allocation and sharing are investigated in detail.

/pdf/advances-in-cognitive-radio-networks-a-survey-3gp2nvo27m.pdf

Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey

http://sig.umd.edu/publications/Wang_ComNet_201010.pdf

Game theory for cognitive radio networks: An overview

Matching theory is a powerful tool to study the formation of dynamic and mutually beneficial relations among different types of rational and selfish agents. It has been widely used to develop high performance, low complexity, and decentralized protocols. In this article, a comprehensive survey of matching theory, its variants, and their significant properties appropriate for the demands of wireless communications and network engineers is provided. Recent research progress in applying matching theory to wireless communications to address major technical opportunities and challenges is presented. A novel classification of matching models from the practical perspective is provided, and the properties and structure of each model are explained. This will enable a network designer to select an appropriate matching model for a specific application in wireless communications. Finally, the application of different matching models to various emerging wireless networks is discussed.

Matching Theory: Applications in wireless communications

Cognitive radio technologies have become a promising approach to efficiently utilize the spectrum. Although many works have been proposed recently in the area of cognitive radio for data communications, little effort has been made in content-aware multimedia applications over cognitive radio networks. In this paper, we study the multimedia streaming problem over cognitive radio networks, where there is one primary user and N secondary users. The uniquely scalable and delay-sensitive characteristics of multimedia data and the resulting impact on users' viewing experiences of multimedia content are explicitly involved in the utility functions, due to which the primary user and the secondary users can seamlessly switch among different quality levels to achieve the largest utilities. Then, we formulate the spectrum allocation problem as an auction game and propose three distributively auction-based spectrum allocation schemes, which are spectrum allocation using Single object pay-as-bid Ascending Clock Auction (ACA-S), spectrum allocation using Traditional Ascending Clock Auction (ACA-T), and spectrum allocation using Alternative Ascending Clock Auction (ACA-A). We prove that all three algorithms converge in a finite number of clocks. We also prove that ACA-S and ACA-A are cheat-proof while ACA-T is not. Moreover, we show that ACA-T and ACA-A can maximize the social welfare while ACA-S may not. Therefore, ACA-A is a good solution to multimedia cognitive radio networks since it can achieve maximal social welfare in a cheat-proof way. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

/pdf/spectrum-auction-games-for-multimedia-streaming-over-2dt8tgaew3.pdf

Spectrum Auction Games for Multimedia Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper investigates the price-based power control problem in the spectrum sharing cognitive radio networks. The primary user (PU) can admit secondary users (SUs) to access by pricing their interference power under the interference power constraint. We model the interaction between the PU and the SUs as a Stackelberg game. The revenue function of the PU is expressed as a nonconcave function of SU's transmit power by backward induction. Variable substitution is used to transform the nonconcave maximization problem into a concave maximization problem. Based on the equivalent concave maximization problem, a novel algorithm is proposed to find the optimal price for the PU to maximize its revenue. The optimal price of each SU is given as a closed-form expression with one parameter, which can be determined with the complexity of $O(K)$ , where $K$ is the number of the SUs. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis is exploited to derive the number of the admitted SUs at low and high interference-to-noise ratio. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the nonuniform pricing algorithm.

Optimal Price-Based Power Control Algorithm in Cognitive Radio Networks

Dynamic spectrum access with cognitive radios has become a promising approach to improve spectrum efficiency by adaptively coordinating different users' access according to spectrum dynamics. However, selfish users competing with each other for spectrum may exchange false private information or collude with others to get more access to the spectrum and achieve higher profits. In this article, we investigate two game-theoretical mechanism design methods to suppress cheating and collusion behavior of selfish users: a self-enforcing truth-telling mechanism for unlicensed spectrum sharing and a collusion-resistant multistage dynamic spectrum pricing game for licensed spectrum sharing.

/pdf/game-theoretical-mechanism-design-methods-1ne1xlmtrc.pdf

Game theoretical mechanism design methods

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Game theoretical mechanism design methods